CoI-Catalyzed Barbier Reactions of Aromatic Halides with Aromatic Aldehydes and Imines

The reductive Barbier coupling of aromatic halides and electrophiles has been achieved using a CoBr₂/1,10-phenanthroline catalytic system and over stoichiometric amounts of zinc. The reaction displayed a broad scope of substrates, including (hetero)aryl chlorides as pro-nucleophiles and aldehydes or imines as electrophiles, leading to diarylmethanols and diarylmethylamines in moderate to excellent yields, respectively.     

Decarboxylative Mannich Reactions with N-Alkyl Imines

The use of N-alkyl imines in decarboxylative Mannich reaction with substituted malonic acids half oxyesters (SMAHOs) has been developed to afford a direct access to secondary β^2,3-aminoesters. The transformation occurs under very practical conditions (DABCO as a catalyst in bulk toluene and open to air) and can be performed with a broad range of each substrate in yields of 36 to 97 %. Importantly, the reaction was found to require the use of acidic additives in combination with the organocatalyst to limit the competitive olefination reaction.     

茶多酚对6-OHDA诱导的SH-SY5Y细胞凋亡的保护作用

茶多酚在体内具有广泛的生物活性和药理作用,有助于预防与氧化应激相关的疾病,比如癌症,心血管疾病,神经退行性疾病和衰老. 氧化应激参与了帕金森病（PD）的病理进程. 活性氧在PD的发病机制中发挥了重要的作用,氧自由基直接损伤细胞膜引起脂质过氧化,损伤蛋白质和各种功能酶引起蛋白质沉淀,诱导促凋亡因子的表达,损伤DNA,最终导致了细胞的凋亡. 然而,关于茶多酚对PD的预防和治疗作用目前还不清楚. 本文应用氧化应激诱导的PD病理细胞模型,评价了茶多酚的神经保护作用. 结果表明茶多酚这类植物天然抗氧化剂对氧化应激诱导的细胞凋亡具有明确的抑制作用. 实验中我们选择了6-OHDA诱导的SH-SY5Y细胞作为细胞模型, 运用了MTT、流式细胞术、荧光显微成相, 竞争性ELISA和蛋白质杂交等方法研究了SH-SY5Y细胞的凋亡特性. 结果表明,6-OHDA对SH-SY5Y有时间-浓度依赖性细胞毒性,100 μmol/L 6-OHDA处理24 h,细胞活力减少50 %,同时伴随着活性氧增加（用ＥＳR）,线粒体膜电位降低,细胞内钙离子和一氧化氮增加,nNOS和iNOS表达量上升及蛋白结合的硝基酪氨酸水平升高. 单独茶多酚处理对细胞没有太大的影响,而茶多酚预处理可显著降低6-OHDA所产生的细胞毒性. 溶液实验证明,茶多酚对6-OHDA的自氧化有浓度-时间依赖性抑制作用（用ＥＳＲ）. 本研究表明茶多酚可能是通过活性氧-一氧化氮途径,减少过氧亚硝基的生成来对6-OHDA诱导的细胞凋亡表现保护作用的. 本文的实验结果提示茶多酚在治疗PD等慢性神经退行性疾病上可能是一种有着潜在疗效的药物.     

Ultra performance liquid chromatography – mass spectrometry studies of formalin‐induced alterations of human brain lipidome

The development of ‘omics’ sciences offers new opportunities for the study of neurodegenerative diseases but increases at the same time the sample demand on brain banks that collect and store valuable human post‐mortem tissue. Our study aims to evaluate in lipidomics the potential of formalin‐fixed tissue compared with the cryopreservation method, considered as the gold standard for biochemical research. Two complementary liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry analytical platforms were used on the basis of hybrid quadrupole time‐of‐flight and triple quadrupole mass spectrometers. Untargeted fingerprinting, semitargeted profiling of specific lipid classes and targeted monitoring of lipid species were performed in formalin‐fixed and cryopreserved samples to provide detailed information at the molecular level on the formalin‐induced alterations of the brain tissue. In vitro incubations of lipid standards were also performed to further describe the degradation processes induced by formaldehyde. Phospholipid compounds were found to be extensively hydrolysed, whilst the sphingolipid ones were preserved. N‐methylation and N‐formylation of amine‐containing phospholipids have also been evidenced. These findings show that the potential detrimental effect of formalin on the analytes of interest must be taken into account when analysing formalin‐fixed samples. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Landau Damping in Sobolev Spaces for the Vlasov-HMF Model

We consider the Vlasov-HMF (Hamiltonian Mean-Field) model. We consider solutions starting in a small Sobolev neighborhood of a spatially homogeneous state satisfying a linearized stability criterion (Penrose criterion). We prove that these solutions exhibit a scattering behavior to a modified state, which implies a nonlinear Landau damping effect with polynomial rate of damping.     

带交易费用的可数无限态两期经济的均衡存在性

To some two-period economies with countable infinite state spaces,the existence of expectation equilibrium of real asset economies with transaction costs is given. This work extends the researches of Zame in 1993.     

Birkhoff normal form for splitting methods applied to semilinear Hamiltonian PDEs. Part I. Finite-dimensional discretization

We consider discretized Hamiltonian PDEs associated with a Hamiltonian function that can be split into a linear unbounded operator and a regular nonlinear part. We consider splitting methods associated with this decomposition. Using a finite-dimensional Birkhoff normal form result, we show the almost preservation of the actions of the numerical solution associated with the splitting method over arbitrary long time and for asymptotically large level of space approximation, provided the Sobolev norm of the initial data is small enough. This result holds under generic non-resonance conditions on the frequencies of the linear operator and on the step size. We apply these results to nonlinear Schrödinger equations as well as the nonlinear wave equation.     

Bioinspired Oxidative Cyclization of the Geissoschizine Skeleton for Enantioselective Total Synthesis of Mavacuran Alkaloids

Reported is the enantioselective total syntheses of mavacuran alkaloids, (+)‐taberdivarine H, (+)‐16‐hydroxymethyl‐pleiocarpamine, and (+)‐16‐epi‐pleiocarpamine, and their postulated biosynthetic precursor 16‐formyl‐pleiocarpamine. This family of monoterpene indole alkaloids is a target of choice since some of its members are subunits of intricate bisindole alkaloids such as bipleiophylline. Inspired by the biosynthetic hypothesis, an oxidative coupling approach from the geissoschizine framework to form the N1?C16 bond was explored. Quaternization of the aliphatic nitrogen center was key to achieving the oxidative coupling induced by KHMDS/I₂ as it masks the nucleophilicity of the aliphatic nitrogen center and locks in the required cis conformation.     

Using divergence-free and curl-free wavelets for the simulation of turbulent flows

We present a numerical method based on divergence-free and curl-free wavelets to solve the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations. We introduce a new scheme which uses anisotropic divergence-free wavelets for the decomposition of the velocity, and which only needs Fast Wavelet Transform algorithms. Numerical results finally show the feasibility of the method. (© 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)