量子关联简介

量子纠缠作为一种非局域的关联,是一种重要的资源而被广泛应用于量子信息处理。然而,最近的研究结果发现,可分态中也可以存在非经典的关联,量子纠缠只是量子关联的一部分;非纠缠的量子关联在一些量子通信和量子计算任务中扮演着重要的角色。文章简要综述了量子关联的基本概念,描述了几种常见的量子关联度量,并介绍了量子关联在量子信息处理中的作用以及一些最新动态。     

A Note on Fundamental Limit of Quantum Dynamics Rate

The unified bound on the fundamental limit of quantum dynamics rate, as quietly recently obtained by Levitin and Toffoli [Phys. Rev. Lett. 103 （2009） 160502], is improved and refined. The improvement may be arbitrarily large in certain cases. In particular, this puts a limit on the operation rate of quantum gates allowed by quantum mechanics.     

Fisher Information of Wavefunctions： Classical and Quantum

A parametric quantum mechanical wavefunction naturally induces parametric probability distributions by taking absolute square, and we can consider its classical Fisher information. On the other hand, it also induces parametric rank-one projections which may be viewed as density operators, and we can talk about its quantum Fisher information. Among many versions of quantum Fisher information, there are two prominent ones. The first, defined via a quantum score function, was introduced by Helstrom in 1967 and is well known. The second, defined via the square root of the density operator, has its origin in the skew information introduced by Wigner and Yanase in 1963 and remains relatively unnoticed. This study is devoted to investigating the relationships between the classical Fisher information and these two versions of quantum Fisher information for wavefunctions. It is shown that the two versions of quantum Fisher information differ by a factor 2 and that they dominate the classical Fisher information. The non-coincidence of these two versions of quantum Fisher information may be interpreted as a manifestation of quantum discord. We further calculate the difference between the Helstrom quantum Fisher information and the classical Fisher information, and show that it is precisely the instantaneous phase fluctuation of the wavefunctions.     

代数基本定理的概率证明及其推广

设C为复数域,P(z)=a_0z~n a_1z~(n-1) … a_n为一多项式,a_0≠0,a_0,a_1,…,a_n,z∈C,n≥1为自然数. 著名的代数基本定理是指: P(z)在C上至少有一个零点,即至少存在一个z∈C使P(z)=0. 该定理在方程论中起着基本的作用,它的函数论证法很多,本文从概率的观点出发,借助     

一类半鞅样本轨道的Fractal性质

本文用Ｈａｕｓｄｏｒｆｆ维数刻画了一类半这样本轨道的Ｆｒａｃｔａｌ性质，并由此研究了Ｂｒｏｗｎ运动与有界变差过程的碰撞问题．     

COLLISION AND MEETING OF STABLE PROCESSES

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Quantum Correlations Reduce Classical Correlations with Ancillary Systems

We illustrate the dichotomy of classical/quantum correlations by virtue of monogamy. More precisely, we show that correlations in a bipartite state are classical if and only it each party ot the state can be perfectly correlated with other ancillary systems. In particular, this means that if there are quantum correlations between two parties, then the classical （as well as quantum） correlating capabilities of the two parties with other systems have to be strictly reduced.     

Quantifying Process Nonclassicality in Bosonic Fields

Nonclassicality of optical states,as a key characteristic of bosonic fields,is a valuable resource for quantum information processing.We investigate the generation of nonclassicality in quantum processes from a quantitative perspective,introduce three information-theoretic measures of nonclassicality for quantum-optical processes based on the Wigner-Yanase skew information and coherent states,and illustrate their physical significance through several well-known single-mode quantum processes.     

相干与信息守恒及其在Mach-Zehnder干涉中的应用

自量子力学诞生以来,相干性和互补性一直是被广泛而深入研究的两个重要课题.随着量子信息近年来的发展,人们引入了若干度量来定量地刻画相干性和互补性.本文建立两个信息守恒关系式,分别基于"Bures距离-保真度"和"对称-非对称",并且利用它们来刻画相干性和互补性.具体来说,首先从信息守恒的观点解释Bures距离和保真度的互补关系,并由此自然推导出Mach-Zehnder干涉仪中的Englert"干涉-路径"互补关系.其次在量子态和信道相互作用的一般框架中讨论"对称-非对称"信息守恒关系,并揭示其与Bohr互补性和量子相干性的内在联系.最后,在Mach-Zehnder干涉仪中探讨相干、退相干及互补性,刻画两个信息守恒关系之间的密切联系.