Ultrafast dynamics of three types of simultaneous shockwaves and filament attenuation in femtosecond laser multi-pulse ablation of PMMA

Cylindrical shockwaves inside polymethyl methacrylate(PMMA) generated simultaneously with two hemispherical shockwaves induced by a femtosecond Gaussian beam laser were investigated using an ultrafast pump–probe imaging technique. The evolutions of these three shockwaves with probe delay and incident pulse number have been systematically analyzed. The plasma intensity and filament length in the center of cylindrical shockwave both decayed with pulse number. Moreover, the self-focused filament moved downstream towards the output surface with an increased pulse number. The experimental results and mechanism illustrated that energy deposition was suppressed by a degraded nonlinear effect due to a pre-ablated structure in multi-pulse irradiation.     

显微激光诱导击穿光谱技术对低合金钢中Mn的定量检测

采用显微激光诱导击穿光谱技术对低合金钢标准样品进行定量分析,空间分辨率达到20 μm,单脉冲检测极限(LoD)为0.10%。根据谱线强度和元素浓度的关系获得Mn元素的基本定标曲线,定标曲线的拟合度系数R2为0.97,采用去一交互验证法预测了样品中Mn元素的浓度,七个样品的平均预测误差为12.91%,去一交互验证均方根误差为0.11%。采用内标法时定标曲线的拟合度系数R2为0.99,七个样品的平均预测误差为7.25%,去一交互验证均方根误差为0.07%。实验结果表明显微激光诱导击穿光谱技术能有效应用于物质微区元素的高精度定性、定量分析。     

Doping transition metal ions as a method for enhancement of ablation rate in femtosecond laser irradiation of silicate glass

We present a doping method to improve the femtosecond laser ablation rate and promote ablation selectivity. Doping transition metal ions, Co2＋ or Cu2＋, in silicate glass apparently change absorption spectroscopy and induce resonant absorption at wavelengths of 600 and 800 nm, respectively. Comparing with femtosecond laser processing of the same glass without doping, we find that the threshold fiuenee decreases and the ablation rate increases in resonant absorption in doped silicate glass. Resonant absorption effectively increases multiphoton ionization for seed-free electron generation, which in turn enhances avalanche ionization.     

Ethanol-assisted ablation of silicon and germanium by temporally shaped femtosecond pulses

A surprising phenomenon can be discovered by using femtosecond double-pulse ablation of silicon and germanium in ethanol. The ablation areas present an oscillation increase phenomenon when the pulse delay increases from 200 fs to 1 ps in the fluence range of 0.5–0.6 J∕cm2. In contrast, the ablation areas exhibit an oscillation decrease phenomenon as the pulse delay increases when the laser fluence F 0.5 J∕cm2, which is consistent with the results of the experiment in air. It is considered that the adjustment of the photon–electron coupling efficiency by pulse train technology plays an important role in the ablation process.     

气雾化辅助激光诱导击穿光谱检测水中的痕量金属元素

为了改善其检测极限和定量分析的线性拟合系数, 同时满足实时在线监测的需求, 采用气雾化辅助激光诱导击穿光谱技术, 对水溶液中钙(Ca), 铬(Cr), 钾(K), 镁(Mg), 钠(Na), 铅(Pb)六种元素进行了定性和定量检测. 通过对离焦量、横向距离、激光能量以及延时4个主要参数的优化, 获得上述六种元素的检测极限分别为1.2, 3.2, 19.1, 3.4, 2.8和15.9 ppm, 其线性拟合系数均达到0.99以上. 实验结果表明, 气雾化辅助激光诱导击穿光谱技术是一种快速在线检测液体中痕量金属元素的有效方法.     

基于遗传算法和偏最小二乘法的土壤激光诱导击穿光谱定量分析研究

在空气环境下,采用激光诱导击穿光谱(LIBS)技术对土壤成分进行检测,建立了基于遗传算法(GA)和偏最小二乘法(PLS)的定量分析模型。将配制的58个土壤样品分为定标集、监控集和预测集,对11种组分Mn,Cr,Cu,Pb,Ba,Al2O3,Ca O,Fe2O3,Mg O,Na2O和K2O的含量分别进行预测。结果表明,GA作为一种谱线选择的预处理方法,可以有效减少用于PLS建模的光谱谱线的数目,从而简化模型。对于土壤中的大部分组成成分,GA-PLS模型能够显著改善传统PLS模型的预测能力。以Mn元素为例,浓度预测均方根误差(RMSEP)从0.0215%降低至0.0167%,平均百分比误差(MPE)从8.10%降低至5.20%。本研究为进一步提高土壤的LIBS定量分析准确度提供了方法参考。     

塑料激光诱导击穿光谱技术快速分类应用研究

在大气环境中,采用激光诱导击穿光谱技术与支持向量机算法相结合,对来自不同厂家不同颜色的20种工业塑料进行分类研究。首先对分类结果有影响的实验参数进行优化,在最佳的实验参数条件下进行光谱采集,采用6条非金属元素特征谱线,有效缩短了训练支持向量机分类模型所需时间,从而提高了塑料的分类效率。实验结果表明,利用碳、氢、氧、氮等主量非金属元素对这些工业塑料样品进行分类,测试集1 000个光谱数据中有996个识别正确,算术平均识别精度达到99.6%。在选取较少的主量非金属特征谱线的情况下,结合采用支持向量机算法,可以实现激光诱导击穿光谱技术对更多类型的塑料制品快速、高精度分类,为激光诱导击穿光谱技术在实现塑料分类方面提供了数据参考。