SET-VALUED EXTENSION OF OPERATORS VIA STEINER SELECTIONS(Ⅱ)-APPLICATIONS TO APPROXIMATION

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＩｎＰａｒｔⅠｏｆｔｈｉｓｓｅｒｉｅｓ (ｓｅｅ [1 ] )ｗｅｐｒｏｐｏｓｅａｍｅｔｈｏｄｔｏｅｘｔｅｎｄａｎｏｐｅｒａｔｏｒＴｄｅｆｉｎｅｄｉｎａｓｐａｃｅｏｆｃｏｎｔｉｎｕｏｕｓｆｕｎｃｔｉｏｎｓｔｏａｎｏｐｅｒａｔｏｒＴ ｄｅｆｉｎｅｄｉｎａｓｐａｃｅｏｆｃｏｎｔｉｎｕｏｕｓｓｅｔ＿ｖａｌｕｅｄｆｕｎｃｔｉｏｎｓ ,ｖｉａＳｔｅｉｎｅｒｓｅｌｅｃｔｉｏｎｓ.Ｗｅｓｔｕｄｙｓｏｍｅｐｒｏｐｅｒｔｉｅｓｏｆｔｈｉｓｅｘｔｅｎｓｉｏｎａｎｄａｌｓｏｗｅａｎａｌｙｚｅｓｏｍｅｒｅｌ…     

金催化剂上脂肪族硝基化合物与醛在氢气中选择还原耦合

采用TiO2上高度分散的金纳米粒子做催化剂，从脂肪族硝基化合物、醛和氢气可高选择性合成硝酮。与碳负载Pt催化剂相比，该催化体系上硝酮的选择性从50%增加到90%。其催化性能可有活性位结构、载体特性和反应条件精确调节。     

用Lewis酸或Brnsted酸催化剂和N2汽提法使木糖脱水为糠醛（英文）

The activity of Lewis (Nb2O5) and Br nsted (Amberlyst 70) acid catalysts for the cyclodehydration of xylose to furfural was studied. The nature of the acidity resulted in significant changes in the reaction mechanism. Lewis acid sites promote the formation of xylulose, while Br nsted acid sites are required to further dehydrate the sugar to furfural. Amberlyst 70 in water/toluene at 175 ℃ showed lower activity but gave a higher furfural yield. Using N2 as the stripping agent considerably improved the furfural yield and product purity in the stripped stream. Catalyst stability was also studied.     

水稻高温、干旱响应基因OsHdr5的克隆与表达谱分析

低温、高温、干旱等非生物逆境通常会严重影响到水稻的生长及产量.为深入了解水稻逆境反应的分子机理和挖掘耐逆相关基因,本文采用Affymetrix水稻表达芯片对水稻多逆境下的全基因组表达谱进行分析,并筛选出众多表达特异基因.OsHdr5是其中一个在多个生长发育时期与组织器官中受高温、干旱诱导均显著上调的基因,用实时定量PCR方法(real-time PCR)对其表达水平进一步分析,两组结果基本吻合.用PCR方法扩增获得长为743bp的全长基因序列,其ORF区编码167个氨基酸残基,组成的肽链含有磷酸化激酶位点,形成的二级结构包含一个由6个α螺旋和2个β折叠组成的跨膜结构域,进一步分析推测其可能是叶绿体膜上与细胞跨膜信号传递相关的功能蛋白.     

Integrated Groups and Smooth Distribution Groups

In this paper, we prove directly that α-times integrated groups define algebra homomorphisms. We also give a theorem of equivalence between smooth distribution groups and α-times integrated groups.     

Volatiles from Thymbra and Thymus species of the western Mediterranean basin, Portugal and Macaronesia

Thyme is the common name of many taxa belonging to the Thymbra and Thymus genera. Given the economic importance of thyme oils, many thyme species have been studied and their essential oils and other volatile-containing extracts chemically characterized. Thymbra and Thymus species are frequent in the west Mediterranean region, considered to be the centre of origin of the genus Thymus, and extend further westwards in the Iberian Peninsula and northwest Africa, to the Macaronesian region in the Atlantic Ocean. The present work gives an overview of the chemical composition of the volatiles from the taxa of these two genera occurring in the above geographic area.     

Stereoselective synthesis of 4 alpha-hydroxy-8,12-guaianolides from santonin

Hydroxyester 2, easily obtained from santonin (1), has been transformed into 10 alpha-hydroxyguai-3-en-8,12-olide 6, a good intermediate for the synthesis of natural 8,12-guaianolides. Compound 6 was obtained from 2 by photochemical rearrangement of its acetyl derivative 7, stereoselective hydrogenation on Pd/C, reduction, regioselective elimination, hydrolysis, and lactonization. The synthesis of the natural guaianolides 3-5 was carried out in two sequences in which the regioselective elimination of a hydroxyl group at C10 with triflic anhydride or SOCl2 to afford, respectively, the endo or exo double bond on C10 and the regioselective opening of the C3-C4 alpha-epoxide were the key steps.     

Total syntheses of four stereoisomers of 4alpha-hydroxy-1beta,7beta-peroxy- 10betaH-guaia-5-ene

[reaction: see text]. The first total syntheses of four stereoisomers of 4alpha-hydroxy-1beta,7beta-peroxy-10betaH-guaia-5-ene are reported starting from the readily available (+)-dihydrocarvone. These compounds have been synthesized from dienes (-)-isoguaiene and (-)-10-epi-isoguaiene by tandem ene hydroperoxylation-[4 + 2] cycloaddition with O(2) followed by selective reduction. The structure of the natural 4alpha-hydroxy-1beta,7beta-peroxy-10betaH-guaia-5-ene isolated from Liabum floribundum has been confirmed.     

氮杂二烯光化学反应合成喹啉衍生物

综述了以氮杂二烯为原料,光化学反应合成喹啉衍生物的最新进展.参考文献18篇.     

Al2O3基Ni-Cu双金属催化剂上乙酰丙酸氢解（英）

Inexpensive γ-alumina-based nickel-copper bimetallic catalysts were studied for the hydrogenolysis of levulinic acid,a key platform molecule for biomass conversion to biofuels and other valued chemicals,into γ-valerolactone as a first step towards the production of 2-methyltetrahydrofurane.The activities of both monometallic and bimetallic catalysts were tested.Their textural and chemical characteristics were determined by nitrogen physisorption,elemental analysis,temperature-programmed ammonia desorption,and temperature-programmed reduction.The monometallic nickel catalyst showed high activity but the highest bγ-product production and significant amounts of carbon deposited on the catalyst surface.The copper monometallic catalyst showed the lowest activity but the lowest carbon deposition.The incorporation of the two metals generated a bimetallic catalyst that displayed a similar activity to that of the Ni monometallic catalyst and significantly low bγ-product and carbon contents,indicating the occurrence of important synergetic effects.The influence of the preparation method was also examined by studying impregnated- and sol-gel-derived bimetallic catalysts.A strong dependency on the preparation procedure and calcination temperature was observed.The highest activity per metal atom was achieved using the sol-gel-derived catalyst that was calcined at 450 ℃.High reaction rates were achieved;the total levulinic acid conversion was obtained in less than 2 h of reaction time,yielding up to 96%γ-valerolactone,at operating temperature and pressure of 250 ℃ and 6.5 MPa hydrogen,respectively.