标量衍射理论的非傍轴近似及其有效性

当光束束腰（或衍射孔孔径）可与波长相比拟或光束具有较大的发散角时，傍轴近似不再成立.在标量瑞利.索末菲衍射积分的基础上，进一步研究了衍射场的非傍轴近似解，并详细分析了解的有效性.以平面波圆孔衍射为例，对衍射场的精确解、非傍轴近似解以及菲涅耳近似解进行了详细的数值计算和比较研究.结果表明，非傍轴近似对微小孔衍射非常精确、有效.     

能量损耗对超声声速测量影响的进一步研究

进一步研究了能量损耗对超声声速测量的影响,理论分析与数值模拟的结果与实验基本一致.     

非傍轴衍射光束横截面上的光强及其能量传输

运用角谱表示的矢量衍射理论,以平面波微小圆孔的非傍轴衍射为例,给出了垂直于光束传输方向的横截面上不同定义的三种光强（传统光强I、功率密度Jz、时间平均能流密度矢量的z分量〈Sz〉）的计算公式,并进行了详细的数值计算和比较研究.指出对微小孔衍射的能量传输,必须考虑光场的矢量特性.应用能流密度矢量S和功率流密度矢量J,分别计算了微小孔非傍轴衍射的透射系数,得到了一些新的结论.     

Competition between α-decay and β-decay for heavy andsuperheavy nuclei

In this work, the β-stable region for Z≥90 is proposed based on a successful binding energy formula. The calculated β-stable nuclei in the β-stable region are in good agreement with the ones obtained by Möller et al. The half-lives of the nuclei close to the β-stable region are calculated and the competition between α-decay and β-decay is systematically investigated. The calculated half-lives and the suggested decay modes are well in line with the experimental results. The decay modes are mostly β^--decay above the β-stable region. Especially for Z≤111, all the decay modes are β^--decay. Regarding the nuclei above the β-stable region, α-decay and β^--decay (α+β^-) can occur simultaneously when Z≥112. This is a very interesting phenomenon. The competition between α-decay and β-decay is very complex and drastic below the β-stable region. The predictions for half-lives and decay modes of the nuclei with Z=107-110 are presented in detail.     

有效液滴模型对超铅区结团放射性的研究

利用有效液滴模型计算了超铅区结团放射半衰期.在计算Gamow势垒穿透因子时采用了碎块体积不守恒以及有效惯性系数因子,并用有效的核半径常数公式代替原来的经验公式.理论计算得到的结团放射半衰期和实验值符合得很好,其半衰期对数值的均方差只有0.895.理论结果表明,有效液滴模型能充分反映N=126和Z=82的壳效应,并且在奇数结团25Ne,29Mg中出现了明显的奇偶质量摆动现象.另外,理论计算得到的结团半衰期基本符合盖革-努塔尔定律,并基于理论结果得到了一些关于盖革-努塔尔定律的有意义的结论.