α-结团模型对超重核α衰变寿命的研究

用α-结团模型计算新合成超重元素的半衰期,与已知的实验数据进行对比分析,发现理论和实验数据能够很好地符合,验证了α-结团模型对超重核研究的有效性.同时结合标准的形变Hartree-Fock模型核质量表给出半衰期理论计算结果,可供以后在理论或实验上研究超重核参考,在此基础上进一步分析超重核区域的α衰变能、双中子分离能和双质子分离能,并讨论Z=114和N=184处是否存在壳效应.     

α–结团模型对超重核α衰变寿命的研究

用α结团模型计算新合成超重元素的半衰期,与已知的实验数据进行对比分析,发现理论和实验数据能够很好地符合,验证了α结团模型对超重核研究的有效性.同时结合标准的形变Har-tree-Fock模型核质量表给出半衰期理论计算结果,可供以后在理论或实验上研究超重核参考,在此基础上进一步分析超重核区域的α衰变能、双中子分离能和双质子分离能,并讨论Z=114和N=184处是否存在壳效应.     

利用有效液滴模型对超重元素α衰变半衰期的研究

利用有效液滴模型计算了偶偶超重核的α衰变半衰期,计算过程中采用了保持碎片体积守恒的不对称形状描述以及有效惯性系数计算Gamow势垒穿透因子.首先在质子数Z为88—98的区域检验了有效液滴模型,发现计算结果与实验符合得比较好.随后将此模型推广到Z≥100的情况,虽然只用了两个模型参数,计算结果与实验数据符合,说明有效液滴模型是计算偶偶超重核素α衰变半衰期的一个成功模型.     

满壳层附近禁戒α衰变寿命的研究

发展了α结团模型并用于研究满壳层(Z=82,N=126)附近的禁戒α衰变,对实验新观测到的天然α放射性核素209Bi以及N=127同中子素链(Po—U)的α衰变寿命进行了计算,理论结果和实验数据能够很好地符合,验证了α结团模型对禁戒α衰变的适用性.通过引入随质子数变化的α粒子预形成几率公式,进一步改进和完善了α结团模型.     

重核的结团放射性

对重核的结团放射性(¹⁴C—³⁴Si)的实验数据进行了系统的分析和研究.提出了一个描述结团放射性寿命的新公式.理论计算结果与实验寿命在5倍以内符合.指出结团放射性的衰变能和结团内α粒子数有一个新的线性关系,标志着重核表面有α凝聚.     

Bi同位素链上原子核α衰变性质的理论研究

采用结团模型(clustermodel)计算了从10752Te到292116共443个核素α衰变的半衰期,所得结果与实验值符合得很好,显示了结团模型可以成功地应用于研究原子核α衰变的性质。同时研究了Bi同位素链上奇A核α衰变的半衰期,计算结果与已有的实验值的偏差一般在3倍以内,进而对实验上未知α衰变半衰期的原子核的性质进行了预言。这有助于将来在实验室探测与鉴别这些原子核以及研究它们的α衰变性质。理论与实验的比较将加深人们对原子核结构的认识。     

重核大集团发射半衰期的计算

重核大集团（¹⁴C-³⁴Si）发射的半衰期在理论上用Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin近似进行了计算.利用双折叠模型计算大集团和剩余子核间的核相互作用,在折叠积分中选取了密度依赖的、零力程交换项的核子-核子相互作用.计算得到的半衰期和液滴模型结果、系统公式的结果以及实验数据进行了比较,表明目前的计算能够很好地给出重核大集团（¹⁴C-³⁴Si）发射的寿命.这可为重核其他大集团（¹⁵N, ⁴⁶Ar,⁴⁸Ca等）的发射提供可靠的预测. 关键词： 半衰期 双折叠模型 集团发射     

密度依赖的结团模型研究原子核的α衰变和结团放射性

讨论了原子核α衰变和结团放射性的一个新的结团模型:密度依赖的结团模型（DDCM）。DDCM基于微观真实的核势和库仑势,可以在统一的框架下计算原子核的各种衰变模式的半衰期。通过对原子核α衰变和结团放射性的系统计算,发现DDCM能够精确给出原子核α衰变和结团放射性的半衰期,理论值和实验值的偏差一般在3倍以内。这表明密度依赖的结团模型具有很好的适用性并可以为将来的实验提供较准确的预言。We have discussed a new cluster model of α-decay and cluster radioactivity: the density-dependent cluster model （DDCM）, which is based on the microscopic nuclear potential and Coulomb potential. DDCM can give accurate theoretical half-lives for various decays of nuclei in a unified framework. Through a systematical calculation of half-lives of α-decay and cluster radioactivity, we find that the deviation between DDCM and experiment is usually less than a factor of 3. This good agreement shows that the density-dependent cluster model can further provide reliable predictions for future experiments.     

用宏观-微观模型系统计算偶-偶超重核基态性质

用宏观--微观模型系统计算了Z=94—112偶偶超重核的基态性质. 其中宏观部分基于液滴模型, 微观部分采用改进的谐振子势. 理论计算的结合能、α衰变能 与已知的实验数据符合, 理论计算结果也与Moller的计算结果符合很好.这肯定了宏观--微观模型对超重核性质研究的可靠性和稳定性. 对一些未知核素基态性 质的预言可为将来的实验研究提供理论参考.     

理论预测超重核~(274-291)Cn和~(266-287)Ds的衰变模式（英文）

自发裂变和α衰变是影响超重核稳定性的两个主要因素。为了探索270Ds附近的长寿命的超重核,系统地计算了电荷数在104Z112范围内的α衰变与自发裂变之间的竞争。采用推广的液滴模型和唯象的解析公式计算了α衰变半衰期。基于包括壳效应和同位旋效应的WKB近似方法估算了相同超重核的自发裂变半衰期,进而预测了未知超重核~(274-276,279)Cn与~(267-269)Ds的衰变模式。     

Nuclear properties of Z=114 isotopes and shell structure of ~(298)114

The two-neutron separation energies(S_(2n)) and α-decay energies(Q_α) of the Z=114 isotopes are calculated by the deformed Skyrme-Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov(SHFB) approach with the SLy5,T22,T32 and T43 interactions.It is found that the tensor force effect on the bulk properties is weak and the shell closure at N=184 is seen evidently with these interactions by analyzing the S_(2n) and Q_α evolutions with neutron number N.Meanwhile,the single-particle energy spectra of ~(298)114 are studied using the spherical SHFB approach with these interactions to furthermore examine the shell structure of the magic nucleus ~(298)114.It is shown that the shell structure is almost not changed by the inclusion of the tensor force in the Skyrme interactions.Finally,by examining the energy splitting of the three pairs of pseudospin partners for the protons and neutrons of ~(298)114,it is concluded that the pseudospin symmetry of the neutron states is preserved better than that of the proton states and not all of the pseudospin symmetries of the proton and neutron states are influenced by the tensor force.     

Alpha Decay,Shell Structure,and New Elements

We systematically analyze the experimental data of alpha decay in even-even heavy nuclei far from stability and find that the Geiger-Nuttall law brea~s for an isotopic chain when its neutron number is across a marc number or there is a deformed subshell. This break can be used to identify new magic numbers of superheavy nuclei. It is also discovered that there is a new linear relation between the logarithm of half-life and the reciprocal of the square root of decay energy for N = 126 and N = 152 isotones. It could be a new law of alpha decay for nuclei with magic neutron numbers but the physics behind it is to be explored. The significance of these researches for the search of new elements is discussed.     

Alpha Decay, Shell Structure, and New Elements

We systematically analyze the experimental data of alpha decay in even-even heavy nuclei far from stabilityand find that the Geiger-Nuttall law breaks for an isotopic chain when its neutron number is across a magic numberor there is a deformed subshell. This break can be used to identify new magic numbers of superheavy nuclei. It is alsodiscovered that there is a new linear relation between the logarithm of half-life and the reciprocal of the square root ofdecay energy for N = 126 and N = 152 isotones. It could be a new law of alpha decay for nuclei with magic neutronnumbers but the physics behind it is to be explored. The significance of these researches for the search of new elementsis discussed.     

Magic numbers of ultraheavy nuclei

For nuclei where the number of protons lies in the range 76 ≤ Z ≤ 400, proton and neutron shell corrections are calculated along the beta-stability line described by Green’s formula. The magic numbers of protons and neutrons are determined for ultraheavy nuclei. Alpha-decay half-lives and fission barriers are estimated for ultraheavy doubly magic nuclei.     

Generalization of α-Decay Cluster-Model to Nuclei Near Spherical and Deformed Shell Closures

The cluster model of a-decay is extended to the regions around doubly magic spherical nucleus ^208Pb and around deformed shell closure ^270Hs, respectively. The effects of spherical shell closures (N=126 and Z=82) on α-decay are investigated by introducing an N-dependent α-preformation factor and a Z-dependent one inspired by a microscopic model. Good agreement between the theoretical a-decay half-lives and the measured ones is obtained for the spherical nuclei near the doubly magic nucleus ^208Pb, where the nuclear shell effect is included in the expression of α-preformation factor. The cluster model is also generalized for the decay of deformed nuclei. The branching ratios of α-decays from the ground state of a parent nucleus to the ground state (0^ ) of its deformed daughter nucleus and to the first excited state (2^ ) are calculated in the framework of the cluster model. The results indicate that a measurement of α spectroscopy is a feasible method to extract the information of nuclear deformation of superheavy nuclei around the deformed nucleus ^270Hs.     

丰中子锶同位素的投影壳模型研究

利用考虑跨壳激发的投影壳模型（PSM）方法,研究了质子数Z=38、中子数N=63和64大形变丰中子101,102Sr同位素的结构性质。主要计算了转动谱、转动惯量和电磁跃迁性质等（如B（E2）和g因子）,并与相应的实验数据进行系统比较和相关的理论预言。结果表明,PSM可以利用理论计算的能带图解释101,102Sr同位素的转动惯量、电磁跃迁随自旋的变化,分析晕带的结构。PSM理论可以很好地再现实验结果,说明PSM方法及其采用的有效相互作用可以外推研究丰中子核区101,102Sr同位素的原子核结构。对于101,102Sr同位素,核子开始填布质子g_9/2和中子h_11/2轨道,通过更为仔细地分析能带图中来自质子g_9/2和中子h_11/2轨道对各转动带的组态成分的贡献,清晰地表明丰中子核结构性质对不同核子填布的依赖。Recently, we have carried out systematically studies on the structural properties of proton number Z=38, neutron number N=63 and 64 neutron-rich isotopes 101,102Sr by using the projected shell model (PSM) with consideration of cross shell excitation. The rotation spectra, the moment of inertia and the electromagnetic transition properties (such as B(E2) and g-factor) are calculated and compared with the corresponding experimental data in this paper. Furthermore, more high spin states are predicted in the calculation and expected to be confirmed experimentally. The results show that the PSM can not only well analyze the structural properties of yrast bands in 101,102Sr but also interpret the variation of the moment of inertia, electromagnetic transition with spins in terms with the theoretical band diagram. The good agreement with the experimental data suggests that the PSM with the adopted effective interactions can be generalized to study the nuclear structure of 101,102Sr isotopes in neutron-rich mass region. For 101,102Sr isotopes, the nucleons begin to fill proton g_9/2 and neutron h_11/2 orbital, the dependence of nuclear structure and properties on the different orbital occupies is described by carefully analyzing the contribution from proton g_9/2 and neutron h_11/2 orbital to the configuration of rotational bands in band diagram.     

Proton radioactivity within the generalized liquid drop model with various versions of proximity potentials

In the present work, we systematically investigate the proton radioactivity half-lives of spherical proton emitters adopting a generalized liquid drop model(GLDM) with 16 different proximity potentials, of which the proximity potential Prox.77-13 gives the closest results to the experimental data. Combined with the previous conclusion that the GLDM with proximity potential Prox.77-13 can also best describe α decay half-lives, which makes the model more uniform and consistent.Further, we use the proximity potential Prox.77-13 in GLDM to predict the proton radioactivity half-lives of 14 spherical proton emitters that are allowed energetically but not yet observed experimentally or specifically quantified. Finally, we research the Geiger-Nuttall law for proton radioactivity. The results reveal that the Geiger-Nuttall law can also be well used to study the proton radioactivity half-lives of isotopes with the same orbital angular momentum l.     

基于折叠势的两势方法系统研究质子放射性(英文)

基于两势方法系统地研究了质子数51 ≤ Z ≤ 83质子放射性核素的衰变半衰期。总的质子-子核相互作用势包括:通过单折叠子核密度和DDM3Y有效相互作用得到的微观核势,通过单折叠子核电荷密度和质子-质子库仑相互作用得到的真实库仑势以及离心势。同时,预测了同一区域16个核的质子放射性半衰期,并且预测的质子放射性半衰期在4.11倍的范围内。此外,还研究了质子放射性的Geiger-Nuttall定律。结果表明,Geiger-Nuttall定律可以用来描述角动量相同的同位素的质子放射性。In the present work, we systematically study the half-lives of proton radioactivity for 51 ≤ Z ≤ 83 nuclei within the two-potential approach. The total emitted proton-daughter nucleus interaction potential is composed of the microscopic nuclear potential obtained by single folding the density of the daughter nucleus with the DDM3Y effective interaction, the realistic Coulomb potential obtained by single folding the charge density of the daughter nucleus with the proton-proton Coulomb interaction and the centrifugal potential. We extend our study to predict proton radioactivity half-lives of 16 nuclei in the same region within a factor of 4.11. In addition, the Geiger-Nuttall law for proton radioactivity is researched. The results indicate that the Geiger-Nuttall law can be used to describe the proton radioactivity isotopes with same angular momentum.     

Experimental study of proton and neutron spin-flip contributions to the electroexcitation of the J=1 state at Ex=5.846 MeV in Pb

The momentum transfer dependence (q=0.20−0.59 fm⁻¹) of the recently discovered M1 transition from the J^π=1⁺ state at E_x=5.846 MeV to the ground state of ²⁰⁸Pb has been studied with high-resolution inelastic electron scattering. The experimental data are compared to results of RPA calculations which include tensor correlations. The influence of these correlations and of the interference of proton and neutron contributions on the M1 transition will be discussed.