光子纠缠光纤陀螺仪的相位检测灵敏度分析

针对量子输入通常需要双输入/双输出的特征,提出了一种采用双环行器的光子纠缠光纤陀螺光路结构。阐述了基于N00N态的光子纠缠光纤陀螺仪的工作原理,首次推导了N00N态光子纠缠光纤陀螺的德布罗意波的量子干涉公式,并将N00N态与具有相同光子数（光功率）的一般光子数态（22）输入以及经典输入的相位检测灵敏度进行了对比。分析表明,N00N态作为理想的最大路径纠缠态,可以突破散粒噪声极限而达到海森堡极限,而其它非经典态由于输出态的生成概率,其二阶符合计数及高阶符合计数存在一个固有效率,可能较难突破散粒噪声极限。     

Multi-Path Ghost Imaging by Means of an Additional Time Correlation

Ghost imaging functions achieved by means of the spatial correlations between two photons is a new modality in imaging systems. With a small number of photons, ghost imaging is usually realized based on the position correlation of photon pairs produced from the spontaneous parametric down-conversion process. Here we demonstrate a way to realize multi-path ghost imaging by introducing an additional time correlation. Different delays of paths will induce the shift of the coincidence peak, which carries the information about objects. By choosing the suitable coincidence window, we obtain images of three objects simultaneously, with a visibility of 87.2%.This method provides insights and techniques into multi-parameter ghost imaging. It can be applied to other correlated imaging systems, for example, quantum spiral imaging.     

Two-Photon Interference Constructed by Two Hong–Ou–Mandel Effects in One Mach-Zehnder Interferometer

We present a two-photon interference experiment in a modified Mach-Zehnder(MZ) interferometer in which two Hong–Ou–Mandel effects occur in tandem and construct superposed two-photon states. The signal photons pass both the arms of the MZ interferometer while the idler photons pass one arm only. Interestingly, the probability of the idler photons emerging from any output port still shows a sine oscillation with the two-photon phase difference and it can be characterized only by the indistinguishability of the two-photon amplitudes. We also observe a two-photon interference pattern with a period being equal to the wavelength of the parametric photons instead of the two-photon photonic de Broglie wavelength due to the presence of two-photon phase difference, in particular, with complementary probabilities of finding the two-photon pairs in two output ports. The abundant observations can facilitate a more comprehensive understanding of the two-photon interference.