Structural,electronic,vibrational,and thermodynamic properties of Zr_(1-x)Hf_xCo:A first-principles-based study

The physical properties including structural,electronic,vibrational and thermodynamic properties of Zr1-xHfx Co(x is the concentration of constituent element Hf,and changes from 0 to 1) are investigated in terms of the ABINIT program.The results reveal that all of Zr_(1-x)Hf_x Co have similar physical properties.When Hf concentration x gradually increases from 0.0 to 1.0,the lattice constant decreases from 3.217 ?A to 3.195 ?A very slowly.The calculated density of states(DOS)indicates that the metallic nature is enhanced and the electrical conductivity turns better with the increase of Hf.Moreover,as Hf concentration increases from 0 to 1,the Fermi energy gradually increases from-6.96 e V to-6.21 e V,and the electronic density of states at the Fermi level(N(E_f)) decreases from 2.795 electrons/e V f.u.down to 2.594 electrons/e V f.u.,both of which imply the decrease of chemical stability.The calculated vibrational properties show that the increase of Hf concentration from 0 to 1 causes the maximum vibrational frequency to decrease gradually from about 223 cm~(-1) to 186 cm~(-1),which suggests a lower dispersion gradient and lower phonon group velocities for these modes.Finally,the phonon related thermodynamic properties are obtained and discussed.     

耐甲醇氧还原催化剂四苯基卟啉-铂的研究

直接甲醇燃料电池;燃料电池;耐甲醇氧还原催化剂四苯基卟啉-铂的研究     

钯合金膜分离器级串氢同位素分离

钯合金膜分离氢同位素是基于氕、氘、氚在钯中的溶解度、扩散系数和表面反应动力学特征的差异而进行的。与目前聚变堆燃料循环中广泛采用的低温精馏方法相比，钯合金膜分离方法的原料是气态，而且在分离过程中氢同位素气体以原子形态存在，具有原料滞留量小，装置设计简单等优点。然而对于钯合金膜来说，单位面积上透过的气体体积有限，在保持钯合金膜氢同位素选择性透过能力的前提下，在一定反应器规模下尽可能的增大钯合金膜的面积，从而提高钯合金膜分离氢同位素的能力就成了钯合金膜大规模应用时要解决的首要问题。在前期实验工作的基础上设计了钯合金膜分离器，但是单级分离器的氢同位素分离能力是有限的。为实现H2/T2混合气体的完全分离，可以将多级钯合金膜分离器以一定方式串接起来，构成一个具有连续分离特性的氢同位素分离系统。     

氘氚化锂分解残渣中微量氚的回收

氘作同位素交换气对除氚后的新鲜氘氚化锂残渣[主要成分是硅锂化合物和二氧化硅，渣中含氚约为0．9443mg／g(渣)]中的微量氚进行氚的计量与回收，为氘氚化锂残渣中氚的回收提供技术支持。     

纳米Mg-Ni合金的制备技术

纳米Mg-Ni贮氢材料具有成本低，活化容易、贮氢容量大，吸放氢动力学性能优异等特点，有很大的应用前景。本文用机械合金化法进行了纳米Mg-Ni合金的制备，且对制备的粉末进行了XRD，TEM，SEM等微观结构的分析。     

大容量贮氘氚铀床的研制

为了满足重水提氚中大量氘氚气体的安全贮存与转运，设计并加工了大容量氘氚铀床并对其进行了贮氘氚性能的测试。     

α-Al2O3阻氢微观机制研究

采用基于密度泛函理论广义梯度近似下的平面波赝势方法研究了刚玉(α-Al2O3)的阻氢微观机制, 对氢原子在α-Al2O3中的占据结构进行了计算, 发现氢原子占据空隙位置时能量最低, 寻找其过渡态得到活化能为1.59 eV, 利用动力学计算得到了氢原子在α-Al2O3中的扩散系数表达式为D(T)=(3.37×10-7)exp(-1.59/kT). 结果表明, 氢原子占据在α-Al2O3八面体空隙处的结构最稳定; 低温时扩散难以发生; 高温时扩散沿着空隙方向.     

LaNi5-xAlx合金吸放氢过程的滞后现象

测定了LaNi5-xAlx(x=0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3)合金在吸放氢过程中P-C等温线的坪台压力及热力学参数.结果表明,坪台压力与热力学参数焓变ΔH,熵变ΔS随合金中Al含量的增加而降低,吸氢及放氢过程中的坪台压力存在一定的差异,即滞后现象(用滞后系数Hf表示).Hf随温度的升高而减弱,随合金中Al含量的增加而降低.滞后现象与合金在吸放氢过程中的应力释放有关.     

氢中杂质CO对LaNi5,LaNi4.7Al0.3,MlNi4.5Al0.5合金PCT特性的影响

研究了 3种贮氢合金 ,即LaNi5 ,LaNi4.7Al0 .3,MlNi4.5 Al0 .5 在纯氢 ( 99 999% )及含 0 0 1%CO气体杂质氢中毒化前后的PCT特性。对于LaNi5 ,毒化后不出现平台 ;对LaNi4.7Al0 .3及MlNi4.5 Al0 .5 合金 ,平台压升高 ,平台倾斜加剧 ,平台宽度缩小 ,饱和吸氢量减小。LaNi5 中加入少量Al后 ,可以提高其抗毒化能力。分析了PCT平台变短、倾斜的原因。     

Electronic structures and thermodynamic stabilities of aluminum-based deuterides from first principles calculations

The alanates (complex aluminohydrides) have relatively high gravimetric hydrogen densities and are among the most promising solid-state hydrogen-storage materials. In this work, the electronic structures and the formation enthalpies of seven typical aluminum-based deuterides have been calculated by the plane-wave pseudopotential method, these being AlD₃, LiAlD₄, Li₃AlD₆, BaAlD₅, Ba₂AlD₇, LiMg(AlD₄)₃ and LiMgAlD₆. The results show that all these compounds are large band gap insulators at 0 K with estimated band gaps from 2.31 eV in AlD₃ to 4.96 eV in LiMg(AlD₄)₃. The band gaps are reduced when the coordination of Al varies from 4 to 6. Two peaks present in the valence bands are the common characteristics of aluminum-based deuterides containing AlD₄ subunits while three peaks are the common characteristics of those containing AlD₆ subunits. The electronic structures of these compounds are determined mainly by aluminum deuteride complexes (AlD₄ or AlD₆) and their mutual interactions. The predicted formation enthalpies are presented for the studied aluminum-based deuterides.