一种实验教学用蒸发结晶装置的设计

针对目前蒸发结晶实验教学的需要,以实验室常用玻璃器材为主,设计了一种蒸发结晶装置。该装置包括数显加热搅拌装置、蒸发瓶、滴液装置、H型管、套管式换热器、冷凝液接收装置、连接装置和原料液储罐等8个部分,结构简单、占用空间小。并以硫酸铜溶液的蒸发结晶过程为例,对其使用方法进行了研究。通过外形的设计,可实现装置安装时长在15 min内,用时短,拆卸方便;通过控制原料液浓度和流速,实现对晶体的生长速度和形状的调控;原料液可循环使用,原料节约;玻璃器材为主,原理展示清晰;以硫酸铜水溶液为原料液,颜色鲜艳,便于演示。该装置能较好地满足高校工程类专业实验教学的需求。     

The ternary Ni-AI-Co embedded-atom-method potential for γ/γ＇ Ni-based single-crystal superalloys： Construction and application＊

An Ni-AI-Co system embedded-atom-method potential is constructed for the γ（Ni）/γ＇（Ni3A1） superalloy based on experiments and first-principles calculations. The stacking fault energies （SFEs） of the Ni（Co, A1） random solid solutions are calculated as a function of the concentrations of Co and A1. The calculated SFEs decrease with increasing concentrations of Co and A1, which is consistent with the experimental results. The embedding energy term in the present potential has an important influence on the SFEs of the random solid solutions. The cross-slip processes of a screw dislocation in homogenous Ni（Co） solid solutions are simulated using the present potential and the nudged elastic band method. The cross-slip activation energies increase with increasing Co concentration, which implies that the creep resistance of γ（Ni） may be improved by the addition of Co.     

The ternary Ni–Al–Co embedded-atom-method potential for γ/γ Ni-based single-crystal superalloys: Construction and application

An Ni–Al–Co system embedded-atom-method potential is constructed for the γ(Ni)/γ(Ni3Al) superalloy based on experiments and first-principles calculations. The stacking fault energies(SFEs) of the Ni(Co, Al) random solid solutions are calculated as a function of the concentrations of Co and Al. The calculated SFEs decrease with increasing concentrations of Co and Al, which is consistent with the experimental results. The embedding energy term in the present potential has an important influence on the SFEs of the random solid solutions. The cross-slip processes of a screw dislocation in homogenous Ni(Co) solid solutions are simulated using the present potential and the nudged elastic band method. The cross-slip activation energies increase with increasing Co concentration, which implies that the creep resistance of γ(Ni)may be improved by the addition of Co.     

三维石墨烯/In2O3/聚吡咯复合材料制备及室温气敏性能

采用两步法制备三维石墨烯/In2O3/聚吡咯(3D-rGO/In2O3/PPy)三元复合材料,首先合成二元复合材料三维石墨烯/In2O3(3D-rGO/In2O3),然后以此为载体,通过吡咯单体的原位聚合得到最终产物.通过XRD、FTIR、FESEM、TEM和氮气吸附-脱附对合成材料进行表征,研究了其室温气敏性能,分析了三元复合材料的气敏机理.结果 表明,复合3D-rGO与PPy后,三元复合材料的工作温度降低至室温,室温时对200ppm NH3的灵敏度达到18.8,对NH3有较高的灵敏度,响应和恢复时间较短.     

铈掺杂WO3的表征及其光解水催化性能的研究

采用固相烧结法制备了掺杂不同量铈的WO₃催化材料，并用XRD，XPS，DRS和PL光谱对样品进行了表征，主要考察了铈含量和焙烧温度对WO₃的性质及光催化分解水制氧活性的影响，初步探讨了样品的PL光谱与其光催化分解水制氧活性的关系。结果表明，铈的掺杂可以使WO₃的光谱响应范围向可见光区拓展。铈的掺杂没有引发新的荧光现象，适量铈的掺杂能够增强催化剂样品的荧光强度。在可见光辐射下进行光催化分解水制氧，于600 ℃处理的掺杂铈为0.05%(wt)的WO₃催化剂的催化活性最高，此时催化剂的析氧速率比未掺杂WO₃提高了1.5～1.7倍。研究表明，样品的光催化活性与其PL信号强度顺序一致，即PL信号越强，光催化活性越高。     

基于4,7-二噻吩苯并噻二唑和异靛单元的受体-受体共轭聚合物的合成与光伏性质

利用微波协助的Stille缩合聚合反应方法合成了基于双噻吩苯并噻二唑和异靛单元的受体-受体聚合物HFTBT-DA865,并对其热稳定性、光物理性能、电化学性质和本体异质结太阳能电池性能进行了研究.该聚合物易溶于邻二氯苯和邻二甲苯等溶剂,具有优异的溶液加工性能.5%热分解温度为389℃,玻璃化转变温度为168℃,说明其具有较好的热稳定性能.对旋涂速度和温度进行优化,所得太阳能电池器件的光电转换效率为2.28%,开路电压为0.83 V,短路电流为-5.70 mA/cm^2,填充因子为48.9%.电化学性能和密度泛函理论估算结果表明,聚合物与受体材料PC71BM相近的最低未占分子轨道(LUMO)值及其平面性可能是影响光伏性质的重要因素.通过调控共聚单体或优化受体材料,器件性能可进一步提高.对受体-受体(A-A)类聚合物材料太阳能电池性能的研究表明,此类材料是一类潜在的聚合物太阳能电池材料.     

Dislocation formation and twinning from the crack tip in Ni3Al: molecular dynamics simulations

The mechanism of low-temperature deformation in a fracture process of L12 Ni3Al is studied by molecular dynamic simulations.Owing to the unstable stacking energy,the [01ˉ1] superdislocation is dissociated into partial dislocations separated by a stacking fault.The simulation results show that when the crack speed is larger than a critical speed,the Shockley partial dislocations will break forth from both the crack tip and the vicinity of the crack tip;subsequently the super intrinsic stacking faults are formed in adjacent {111} planes,meanwhile the super extrinsic stacking faults and twinning also occur.Our simulation results suggest that at low temperatures the ductile fracture in L12 Ni3Al is accompanied by twinning,which is produced by super-intrinsic stacking faults formed in adjacent {111} planes.