活性炭脱色对食醋总酸量的影响

研究活性炭脱色对食醋总酸量的影响。以保宁醋稀释10倍为供试品工作液,利用酸碱滴定法采用酸碱指示剂和酸度计同时监测溶液pH的变化确定终点,通过消耗NaOH体积反映对总酸量的影响,监测在450 nm处吸光度的变化反应脱色效果,研究了加入不同活性炭用量和脱色时间对食醋总酸量和脱色效果的影响,同时研究了活性炭脱色对食醋中可能有的几种无色有机酸的酸量的影响。结果表明：只要用活性炭脱色,测定食醋的总酸量总是偏低,活性炭脱色对几种无色有机酸的酸量有不同程度的影响。不能用活性炭脱色后,用指示剂确定终点酸碱滴定法测定食醋的总酸量。     

Er3+浓度对Er3+/Yb3+共掺氟氧化物玻璃陶瓷上下转换发光的调控

在980 nm激光激发下,Er³⁺/Yb³⁺共掺的发光材料既可以在可见光范围产生上转换发光,也可以在近红外波段产生下转换发光,二者存在竞争关系。本文利用熔融淬火法制备了一系列掺杂不同Er³⁺/Yb³⁺浓度的氟氧化物玻璃陶瓷,测量了样品在980 nm激光激发下的上转换及下转换发射光谱。研究发现,改变Er³⁺的掺杂浓度可以调控上下转换的发光强度。在此基础上,提出了上下转换发光的能量传递模型。本文的研究结果有利于该类材料在不同领域中的应用。     

两步互扩散法制备高性能CsPbCl3薄膜紫外光电探测器

紫外光电探测器无论在军用和民用上都有着巨大的应用前景,CsPbCl₃作为钙钛矿家族中形成能最大,化学性能稳定的成员,在可见光盲区的紫外光电探测器中有着很大潜在的应用价值。本文针对CsPbCl₃薄膜难以制备的问题,发展了一种两步互扩散溶液法,通过控制前驱体PbCl2的形貌,成功地制备了CsPbCl₃薄膜。利用扫描电镜、吸收光谱和X射线表征技术,证实了制备出的薄膜表面平整无孔洞、晶粒饱满和吸光度强。通过瞬态荧光和变激发光强的稳态荧光,揭示了薄膜具有载流子寿命长、缺陷态少等优异性能。最终构建出了响应度为0.75 A·W^?1的横向结构紫外光电探测器,为将来进一步发展高性能CsPbCl₃薄膜紫外光电探测器奠定了基础。     

Numerical investigation of the interaction of the turbulent dual-jet and acoustic propagation

In order to study the interaction between two independent jets, a three-dimensional(3D) transient mathematical model is developed to investigate the flow field and acoustic properties of the two-stream jets. The results are compared with those of the single-stream jet at Mach number 0.9 and Reynolds number 3600. The large eddy simulation(LES) with dynamic Smagorinsky sub-grid scale(SGS) approach is used to simulate the turbulent jet flow structure. The acoustic field is evaluated by the Ffowcs Williams–Hawkings(FW-H) integral equation. Considering the compressibility of high-speed gas jets, the density-based explicit formulation is adopted to solve the governing equations. Meanwhile, the viscosity is approximated by using the Sutherland kinetic theory. The predicted flow characteristics as well as the acoustic properties show that they are in good agreement with the existing experimental and numerical results under the same flow conditions available in the literature. The results indicate that the merging phenomenon of the dual-jet is triggered by the deflection mechanism of the Coanda effect, which sequentially introduces additional complexity and instability of flow structure. One of the main factors affecting the dual-jet merging is the aperture ratio, which has a direct influence on the potential core and surrounding flow fluctuation. The analysis on the noise pollution reveals that the potential core plays a fundamental role in noise emission while the additional mixing noise makes less contribution than the single jet noise. The overall sound pressure level(OASPL) profiles have a directive property, suggesting an approximate 25° deflection from the streamwise direction, however, shifting toward lateral direction of about 10° to 15° in the dual-jet. The conclusion obtained in this study can provide valuable data to guide the development of manufacturing-green technology in the multi-jet applications.     

Er~(3+)浓度对Er~(3+)/Yb~(3+)共掺氟氧化物玻璃陶瓷上下转换发光的调控(英文)

在980nm激光激发下,Er3+/Yb3+共掺的发光材料既可以在可见光范围产生上转换发光,也可以在近红外波段产生下转换发光,二者存在竞争关系。本文利用熔融淬火法制备了一系列掺杂不同Er3+/Yb3+浓度的氟氧化物玻璃陶瓷,测量了样品在980 nm激光激发下的上转换及下转换发射光谱。研究发现,改变Er3+的掺杂浓度可以调控上下转换的发光强度。在此基础上,提出了上下转换发光的能量传递模型。本文的研究结果有利于该类材料在不同领域中的应用。     

新型纤维状能源器件的发展和思考

近年来,可穿戴电子设备受到了人们的广泛关注,柔性、轻质和可集成成为发展的主流.然而,随着可穿戴电子设备的快速发展,在能源供给上出现了一些瓶颈难题,如传统块状和板状能源器件难以根据应用要求紧贴不规则基底、柔性相对较低、不能透气导湿,这些问题严重限制了可穿戴设备及其他相关领域的发展.解决上述问题的一个有效策略是将能源器件制成纤维结构.虽然单根纤维状能源器件提供的能量有限,但是它们可以被编成织物,从而输出较高的总能量.同时,能源织物可紧密贴合不规则基底如人体、能透气导湿,有效满足可穿戴设备的应用要求.目前纤维状能源器件包括能量转换和储存两大类,能量转换器件主要有染料敏化太阳能电池、聚合物太阳能电池和钙钛矿电池太阳能电池,而能量储存器件则主要有超级电容器、锂离子电池、锂空气电池、锌空气电池、铝空气电池等.在实际应用中,光电转换和能量储存2个功能往往被集成在同一根纤维状能源器件中.本文重点介绍了纤维状能源器件的发展历史和研究现状,系统总结了这个领域面临的主要挑战,最后展望了本领域未来发展方向.