基于小波变换的木材近红外光谱去噪研究

木材近红外光谱常常被一系列噪声所污染,影响光谱分析结果。为了提高近红外光谱分析精度,需要对光谱数据进行预处理。光谱导数可以消除光谱背景干扰和基线漂移等因素影响,提高光谱分辨率,但导数光谱在增强信号的同时,也使信号噪声得到增强。应用小波变换对杉木木材近红外一阶导数光谱进行去噪研究,分别采用9点平滑法、25点平滑法、非线性小波硬阈值和软阈值法、9点平滑+小波变换法和25点平滑+小波变换法对光谱数据进行去噪研究。结果显示, 小波变换能够有效去除导数光谱中的噪声信号,保留光谱中的有效信息,提高光谱信噪比,提高光谱的分析能力,在木材近红外光谱分析中具有很好的应用前景。     

Control of dispersion in fiber coupled resonator-induced transparency structure

Induced transparency phenomena and strong dispersion can be produced in a coupled resonator induced transparency(CRIT) structure.In this paper,we investigate the influences of structure parameters,such as amplitude reflection coefficient and loss,on transmission spectrum and dispersion of CRIT structure,and further study the control of dispersion in the structure.The results show that in the CRIT structure,adjusting the loss of resonators is an effective method of controlling dispersion and producing simultaneous normal and abnormal dispersion.When we choose approximate amplitude reflection coefficients of the two couplers,the decrease of transmittance due to loss could be effectively made up.In the experiment,we achieve the control of dispersion and simultaneous strong normal and abnormal dispersion in the CRIT structure comprised of fiber.The results indicate the CRIT structure has potential applications in optical signal processing and optical communication.     

Pr_(0.75)Na_(0.25)Mn_(1-x)Fe_xO_3的制备及磁学和输运性质研究

采用溶胶凝胶法通过较低温度、较短的烧结时间制备了单相的多晶钙钛矿Pr0.75Na0.25Mn1-xFexO3(0≤x≤0.3),避免了Na元素的挥发及锰氧化物的析出,使Pr1-xNaxMnO3中Na的最大掺入量由文献报道的0.19提高到0.25,样品单相性得到大幅度提高.系列样品的磁化强度、电阻率随温度的变化关系表明2%的Fe掺杂便能大大减弱低温电荷有序;在x≤0.05时系列样品磁化强度随Fe含量的增加而增加,电阻率随Fe含量的增加而下降,然后二者随Fe含量进一步增加均朝相反的趋势变化.用几何效应(Fe3+的几何尺寸大小)和电子结构的影响两个方面的竞争解释这种现象.     

Effects of Fe doping on ac susceptibility of Pr0.75Na0.25MnO3

Ac susceptibility at low temperatures of Pr_0.75Na_0.25Mn_1-xFe_xO₃ (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.30) is investigated. The peak value of the real component of ac susceptibility χ' at the freezing temperature T_f is suppressed with the increasing frequency. The peak value of χ' shows a linear relation between T_f and the logarithm of the frequency ω. The normalized slope P = ΔT_f/T_fΔlgω, which is much lower than canonical insulating spin glass systems in which 0.06 ≤ P ≤ 0.08. The peak value of the imaginary component of the ac susceptibility χ' at T_f for the x = 0, 0.02, 0.30 samples increases with increasing frequency, suggesting a cluster glass ground state with a coexistence of charge-ordered phase and correlated ferromagnetic clusters in spin glass matrix. The peak value of χ' at T_f for the x = 0.10 sample decreases with increasing frequency, suggesting a phase separation ground state. The peak value of χ' at T_f for the x = 0.05 sample decreases with increasing frequency for ω ≤ 52 Hz and increases subsequently till 701 Hz, and then decreases with further increasing frequency for ω ≥ 1501 Hz. This complex behaviour is ascribed to the competition between the effects of large and little ferromagnetic clusters in the sample. The ground state of x = 0.05 sample is a transition state from cluster glass to phase separation.     

在实验室建设中进行大学物理实验课程体系的改革与建设

本对大学物理实验课程体系存在的一些问题进行了探讨，并提出了改革与建设的方法。     

LC-MS/MS法测定人体尿液中氰化氢、苯乙烯和巴豆醛的代谢物

建立了LC-MS/MS法测定吸烟者尿液中HCN、苯乙烯、巴豆醛相应4种代谢物的方法。将收集的24 h人体尿液冰冻后于室温下解冻,混合均匀后离心过膜,采用乙腈-水(含15 mmol乙酸铵)为流动相,以HSS T3 C18色谱分离,同时采用三重四极杆串联质谱多反应监测扫描方式对尿样中2-氨噻唑啉-4-羧酸(ATCA,HCN代谢物)、N-乙酰基-S-(1-苯基-2-羟乙基)-L-半胱氨酸(PHEMA,苯乙烯代谢物)、苯基乙醇酸(MA,苯乙烯代谢物)和N-乙酰基-S-(3-羟丙基-1-甲基)-L-半胱氨酸(HPMMA,巴豆醛代谢物)4种代谢物进行检测。方法的检出限为0.5~30 ng/mL,平均回收率为90.5%~105.3%,RSD为3.2%~8.7%。应用本方法测定了16名吸烟者和6名非吸烟者的尿样的变化情况。     

高效液相色谱-质谱联用技术同时测定人体尿液中11种代谢物

采用高效液相色谱-质谱联用技术定量检测人体尿样中丙烯醛、苯、1,3-丁二烯、苯乙烯、巴豆醛的巯基尿酸类代谢物及氰化氢代谢物。将解冻后的尿样经高速离心后,取100μL上清液,加入50μL内标溶液及850μL水后上样分析。色谱分析采用XSELECT HSS T3 C18色谱柱(150 mm×2.1 mm i.d,2.5μm),以乙腈-15 mmol醋酸铵溶液梯度洗脱,流速250μL/min,柱温40℃,在多反应监测模式(MRM)下采用负离子扫描模式进行定量分析。本方法共检测了16名吸烟者和6名非吸烟者的尿样,发现日吸烟量大于25支的吸烟者尿样中的烟气成分代谢物浓度高于非吸烟者。     

基于慕课模式的近代物理实验教学

为了将慕课模式学习与传统模式的课堂教学相结合,使之成为课堂教学的有效补充,提高近代物理实验课堂教学效果;在传统近代物理实验教学模式下,将慕课模式引入近代物理实验教学中,以物理学2014-2班为试点,进行慕课模式的近代物理实验教学探索与实践;从近代物理实验在线课程学习情况来看,学生完全能够接受这种全新的学习模式,线上成绩突出,实验课堂效果良好;慕课模式融入近代物理实验教学打破了传统单一化的教学方式,提高了近代物理实验课堂教学效果和学生的学习兴趣,有利于培养学生的动手能力和创新意识,对提高近代物理实验的教学质量有极其重要作用.