在高压氧下豚鼠听觉诱发电位的变化

豚鼠暴露在两个绝对压下呼吸高压氧,比较了暴露前后短声诱发的听神经动作电位(AP)、脑干电位(BSEP)及听皮层电位(ACEP)的潜伏期和振幅。主要结果是:在呼吸高压氧期间AP和BSEP的振幅明显增高,但ACEP的振幅并不完全与AP和BSEP呈同步性改变;在高压氧下约半数动物的ACEP振幅增高,但其余动物的却呈现减低或无明显改变。这可能反映皮层对高压氧较为敏感,而且个体间敏感程度又不相同。实验结果提示,在两个绝对压下呼吸高压氧1小时对改善听觉系统的功能是有益的。     

THE ROLE OF HYPERBARIC OR HIGHLY CONCENTRATED OXYGEN IN PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF NOISE-INDUCED HEARING DAMAGE

In this paper we presented the effect of breathing oxygen at 2 atm or 1 atm before or after exposure on noise-induced hearing damage.The noise exposure was made with a 1/3 octave bandnoise(1000 Hz,136 dB,1 hour).The inhalation of 2 atm-oxygen before or after exposure couldreduce noise-induced permanent threshold shift.The role of breathing 2 atm-oxygen correspondedto reduce the noise level by 10 dB.The effect of prophylactic inhalation of oxygen was much betterthan that of therapeutic inhalation of oxygen,and the effect was better at 2 atm than at 1 atm.Somemechanisms concerning inhalation of hyperbaric or high concentration oxygen were discusscd inprevention and treament of noise-induced hearing damage.     

高压氧或高浓度氧在预防和治疗噪声性听觉损伤中的作用

本文报道豚鼠在噪声暴露前后吸2atm或latm纯氧对噪声性听觉损伤的影响。暴露噪声是1/3oct窄带噪声,中心频率1000Hz,强度136dB作用1h。在噪声暴露前或暴露后吸2atm纯氧可以减小噪声引起的永久性听阈偏移(对短声)。吸2atm纯氧所起的作用(预防吸氧一次或治疗吸氧六次,每次1h),相当于把噪声强度降低1OdB(从136dB降至126dB。预防吸氧(暴露前吸氧)比治疗吸氧(暴露后吸氧)效果好。吸2atm纯氧比latm有效。文中讨论了吸高压氧或高浓度氧在预防和治疗噪声性听觉损伤中的某些机理。     

ACOUSTIC IMPEDANCE CHANGES IN THE MIDDLE EAR OF GUINEA PIGS AFTER EXPOSURE TO IMPULSE NOISE AND AIR BLAST

Acoustic impedance changes and hearing threshold shifts after exposure to impulse noise or air-blasts were studied in guinea pigs.Air-blasts were produced by firing of live ammunition in a 100mm caliber gun,with peak SPL ranging from 172.9 to 190.3 dB for differnt groups of animals.Eachexposure consisted of 7—10 impulses.Blast impulses of the same origin were recorded on a tape re-corder and reproduced by playing back through loudspeaker system to serve as the source of impulsenoise.Each exposure consisted of 400 impulses,the peak SPL being 160 dB.Changes in tym-panograms of most animals after exposure to air-blasts suggested that hearing threshold shifts in thisgroup of animals were probably due to impairment of the middle ear.With respect to impulse noise,there was no evidance of severe damage to the middle ear although threshold shifts were obvious.Itwas proposed that inner ear trauma might be responsible for the latter changes.Cases with normal andabnormal tympanograms in the performed experiment we     

γ射线与噪声对耳蜗损伤的协同作用

本研究采用听神经埋藏电极和扫描电镜技术,分别记录和观察了在舰艇主机噪声(105±2dBA,持续30min),γ射线(80Gy,一次照射)及γ射线与噪声联合(先照射后噪声暴露)暴露条件下,豚鼠的听力损失和耳蜗毛细胞的病理变化.结果表明,联合暴露组的听力损失明显大于照射组与噪声组听力损失的总和;其耳蜗毛细胞损伤也比照射与噪声组严重.表明γ射线与噪声对豚鼠耳蜗损伤产生了协同作用,其γ射线可能决定了损伤的性质,噪声促进了损伤的发展.     

脉冲噪声与空气冲击波暴露后豚鼠中耳声阻抗的变化

本文利用豚鼠研究了脉冲噪声和空气冲击波暴露后中耳声阻抗的变化和听阈偏移。空气冲击波为100炮实弹射击,其峰值声压级范围为172.9至190.3分贝,每次暴露计7—10个脉冲。脉冲噪声为100炮脉冲的录音磁带重放(通过扬声器系统),每次暴露计400个脉冲,峰值声压级为160分贝。空气冲击波暴露后,大多数动物鼓膜声顺图的变化提示其听阈偏移可能是由于中耳损伤所引起的。至于脉冲噪声,虽然动物的听阈偏移是明显的,但中耳损伤并不十分严重。很可能脉冲噪声所产生的听阈偏移与内耳损伤有关,本实验还讨论了正常和异常的鼓膜声顺图。