从恒星强度干涉仪、星体散斑干涉仪到空间强度自关联合成孔径望远镜

随着天文观测对空间分辨率性能需求不断提升,迫切需要发展十米级、百米级甚至公里级光学合成孔径的望远镜。传统光学共位相的合成孔径成像技术面临着高精度相位技术的挑战,难以将长基线的合成孔径成像拓展到光学波段。强度干涉的测量方法对相位相对不敏感,为长基线的光学合成孔径提供了可能的技术方案。分别梳理了恒星强度干涉仪、星体散斑干涉仪的发展历程和关键科学问题,并分析了空间强度自关联合成孔径望远镜的技术特点和发展潜力。通过总结三种技术方案的特点,可为我国发展长基线光学合成孔径成像系统提供参考。     

Lensless Wiener–Khinchin telescope based on second-order spatial autocorrelation of thermal light

The resolution of a conventional imaging system based on first-order field correlation can be directly obtained from the optical transfer function. However, it is challenging to determine the resolution of an imaging system through random media, including imaging through scattering media and imaging through randomly inhomogeneous media, since the point-to-point correspondence between the object and the image plane in these systems cannot be established by the first-order field correlation anymore. In this Letter, from the perspective of ghost imaging, we demonstrate for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, that the point-to-point correspondence in these imaging systems can be quantitatively recovered from the second-order correlation of light fields, and the imaging capability, such as resolution, of such imaging schemes can thus be derived by analyzing second-order autocorrelation of the optical transfer function. Based on this theoretical analysis, we propose a lensless Wiener–Khinchin telescope based on second-order spatial autocorrelation of thermal light, which can acquire the image of an object by a snapshot via using a spatial random phase modulator. As an incoherent imaging approach illuminated by thermal light, the lensless Wiener–Khinchin telescope can be applied in many fields such as X-ray astronomical observations.     

基于相位调制的单次曝光压缩感知成像

随着对成像分辨率的要求日益提高,成像所需采集的数据量不断增大,亟需发展一种具有更高图像信息获取效率的压缩成像方式。压缩感知信息理论的兴起使压缩成像研究得到了快速的发展。提出了一种基于空间随机相位调制的单次曝光压缩感知成像方案,通过压缩成像实验验证了该成像方案在原理上的可行性。理论分析并实验验证了系统的空间分辨能力、信噪比随系统参数变化的相互制约关系。