Focusing of Time Reversal Lamb Waves and Its Applications in Structural Health Monitoring

The focusing of time reversal acoustic fields for dispersive and multimodal Lamb waves is theoretically investigated and experimentally verified. It is demonstrated that the time reversal Lamb wave signal will reach the maximum amplitude when the observation point is located at the damage location. Based on the time reversal focusing theory, a damage imaging method is proposed for structural health monitoring using Lamb waves. The experiments employ a transducer network consisting of four piezoelectric transducers as actuators and as well sensors for excitation and measurement of Lamb waves. The results show that this method is able to accurately predict damage location and provides an estimation of the possible area even for damage close to one of the transducers or even slightly outside the transducer network.     

Piezoelectric transducer parameter selection for exciting a single mode from multiple modes of Lamb waves

Excitation and propagation of Lamb waves by using rectangular and circular piezoelectric transducers surface-bonded to an isotropic plate are investigated in this work. Analytical stain wave solutions are derived for the two transducer shapes, giving the responses of these transducers in Lamb wave fields. The analytical study is supported by a numerical simulation using the finite element method. Symmetric and antisymmetric components in the wave propagation responses are inspected in detail with respect to test parameters such as the transducer geometry, the length and the excitation frequency. By placing only one piezoelectric transducer on the top or the bottom surface of the plate and weakening the strength of one mode while enhancing the strength of the other modes to find the centre frequency, with which the peak wave amplitude ratio between the S0 and A0 modes is maximum, a single mode excitation from the multiple modes of the Lamb waves can be achieved approximately. Experimental data are presented to show the validity of the analyses. The results are used to optimize the Lamb wave detection system.     

基于时间反转理论的聚焦Lamb波结构损伤成像

从理论和实验上研究了时间反转法在频散和多模式的Lamb波结构健康检测方面的应用.当Lamb波在包含有损伤的板类结构中传播时,损伤的存在表现为一个被动波源.采用分布式传感器网络,基于传递函数的观点,通过推导由损伤这个被动波源产生的时间反转波场幅值的表达式,证实了当观察点位于损伤位置时,时间反转波场的幅值最大.为验证时间反转方法的聚焦效应,提出了一种适合于分布的激励/接收传感器网络的成像方法,该方法可以对损伤定位并近似确定损伤尺寸.结合有限元的实验结果显示了Lamb波检测信号的能量可在损伤处聚焦,表明时间反转     

等色点光度法指示剂类多元酸离解常数的测定—铬天青S

光度法指示剂类多元酸离解常数的测定,当各级离解态的光谱差别甚小,或光谱既有红移又有紫移时,往往不易获得准确的结果。常见的铬天青S即具有上述性质。我们以此为例,利用它在不同pH时吸收光谱先后出现的三个等色点,判明了它的反应历程,并据此拟定了一个测定离解常数的方法,获得的结果比较令人满意。实验仪器:日本岛津UV-240分光光度计;日本东亚HM-20E型酸度计。     

兰姆波结构健康监测中的概率损伤成像

应用概率成像方法对兰姆波结构健康监测中板的损伤进行识别。根据兰姆波损伤散射信号的传播时间以及传感器网络中一对发射-接收传感器的空间位置来确定一个椭圆轨迹,该轨迹显示了损伤可能出现的位置。将监测区域均匀网格化,计算各网格节点到椭圆轨迹的最短距离,将此距离映射为损伤出现的概率。采用灰度等级对所有网格节点处的概率值进行量化,则由每一个发射接收传感器对就确定了一个灰度图像。为了突出损伤,应用图像融合技术对传感器网络中所有发射接收传感器对所构成的灰度图像进行融合。对铝板中横穿孔损伤的实验结果显示了该方法能够有效地确定损伤的位置和范围,有助于推动兰姆波结构健康监测的实用化。      

A time reversal damage imaging method for structure health monitoring using Lamb waves

This paper investigates the Lamb wave imaging method combining time reversal for health monitoring of a metal-lic plate structure.The temporal focusing effect of the time reversal Lamb waves is investigated theoretically.It demonstrates that the focusing effect is related to the frequency dependency of the time reversal operation.Numerical simulations are conducted to study the time reversal behaviour of Lamb wave modes under broadband and narrowband excitations.The results show that the reconstructed time reversed wave exhibits close similarity to the reversed nar-rowband tone burst signal validating the theoretical model.To enhance the similarity,the cycle number of the excited signal should be increased.Experiments combining finite element model are then conducted to study the imaging method in the presence of damage like hole in the plate structure.In this work,the time reversal technique is used for the recompression of Lamb wave signals.Damage imaging results with time reversal using broadband and narrowband excitations are compared to those without time reversal.It suggests that the narrowband excitation combined time reversal can locate and determine the size of structural damage more precisely,but the cycle number of the excited signal should be chosen reasonably.     

采用单个压电传感器的单模式兰姆波激发频率的选择

考虑了压电传感器(PZT)与板之间的耦合作用,从理论上研究了单个压电传感器激发时产生单模式兰姆波的频率调节方法,实验给出了模式选择在兰姆波结构健康监测中的应用. 在板材、板厚以及PZT尺寸一定的情况下,从理论上能够预测到作为频率函数的各兰姆波模式的幅值变化. 根据某特定兰姆波模式的幅值最大而其他模式幅值相对最小时所对应的频率,即可识别出该兰姆波模式优化的激发频率. 数值仿真验证了理论的有效性以及单模式兰姆波选择的可能性. 在不同的激发频率下,分别激发了优化的A0 模式,优化的S0模式以及共存的A0和S0模 关键词： 兰姆波 压电传感器 激发频率 结构健康监测     

兰姆波测试信号的数字滤波处理

为了增加兰姆波测试信号特征提取的精度,降低噪声的影响,信号的预处理是必要的.本文采用一发一收兰姆波测试技术,在含有人工槽型缺陷的3mm厚铝板上进行了实验.选择带通无限长脉冲响应滤波器对兰姆波信号进行降噪.考虑到兰姆波的激发频率为250kHz,ⅡR滤波器的通带设置为160～330kHz.采用Hilbert变换获取滤波后信号的包络,结果显示,与滤波前兰姆波信号的包络相比,滤波后信号的包络更加平滑和清晰,各个波包的峰值可以唯一确定,为后续兰姆波信号的走时提取提供了方便.在此基础上,根据入射波与S0反射波峰值之间的时间间隔计算S0模式的群速度,结果与理论值较为接近,由此显示了滤波处理在兰姆波测试信号分析中的重要作用.     

管道结构中的类兰姆波层析成像

理论和实验上研究了层析成像在管道结构导波检测中的适用性。在管的两个圆周带上分别布置发射和接收换能器,形成多点发射-多点接收的几何结构。将管中绕管道沿最短路径的螺旋方向到达接收换能器的模式作为感兴趣的模式,它们看起来像在弯曲的板中传播,称之为类兰姆波模式。给出了类兰姆波各射线路径走时的理论计算方法,并采用联合迭代重建技术(SIRT)对走时数据进行慢度图像重建。数值模拟和实验研究了管中横穿孔缺陷层析成像的输出并对健康管和缺陷管中类兰姆波的走时数据进行比较,发现穿过缺陷区域的类兰姆波因为绕过缺陷传播而呈现出更长的走时。文中也给出了两缺陷管道类兰姆波层析成像的数值模拟和实验结果,相比单缺陷的情况,射线较少穿过区域缺陷的重建图像质量下降。研究结果为采用类兰姆波模式进行管道缺陷无损评价提供了理论依据。