Momentum and heat transfer of a special case of the unsteady stagnation-point flow

This paper investigates the unsteady stagnation-point flow and heat transfer over a moving plate with mass transfer,which is also an exact solution to the unsteady Navier-Stokes(NS)equations.The boundary layer energy equation is solved with the closed form solutions for prescribed wall temperature and prescribed wall heat flux conditions.The wall temperature and heat flux have power dependence on both time and spatial distance.The solution domain,the velocity distribution,the flow field,and the temperature distribution in the fluids are studied for different controlling parameters.These parameters include the Prandtl number,the mass transfer parameter at the wall,the wall moving parameter,the time power index,and the spatial power index.It is found that two solution branches exist for certain combinations of the controlling parameters for the flow and heat transfer problems.The heat transfer solutions are given by the confluent hypergeometric function of the first kind,which can be simplified into the incomplete gamma functions for special conditions.The wall heat flux and temperature profiles show very complicated variation behaviors.The wall heat flux can have multiple poles under certain given controlling parameters,and the temperature can have significant oscillations with overshoot and negative values in the boundary layers.The relationship between the number of poles in the wall heat flux and the number of zero-crossing points is identified.The difference in the results of the prescribed wall temperature case and the prescribed wall heat flux case is analyzed.Results given in this paper provide a rare closed form analytical solution to the entire unsteady NS equations,which can be used as a benchmark problem for numerical code validation.     

Inversion of electrical mobility measurements using bipolar or unipolar chargers for the arbitrary distribution of channels

The inversion of the particle size distribution from electrical mobility measurements is analyzed.Three different methods are adapted for a dot-matrix approach to the problem,especially for non-square or singular matrices,and applied to electrical mobility measurements from fixed or scanning voltages.Multiply charged particles,diffusion losses,arbitrary voltage steps and noise were considered,which results in non-adjoining and overlapping transfer functions.The individual contribution of the transfer functions in each size interval was geometrically estimated,which requires only its characteristic mobilities.The methodology is applied to mobility measurements from particles charged with unipolar and bipolar chargers.However,the method can be extrapolated to any charging method with a defined charge distribution,and retrieval of the singly charged particle distribution and mean charge from a tandem differential mobility analysis configuration was successfully demonstrated.     

生产率差异与企业对外直接投资进入模式选择

基于企业异质性视角,借鉴演化博弈理论探究企业通过OFDI“走出去”时的跨国并购方和标的方在全要素生产率上的差异对企业OFDI进入策略选择的影响机制。利用Hotelling模型构造资本密集型企业与劳动密集型企业OFDI进入策略选择博弈模型,讨论两类企业OFDI进入方式决策在并购双方生产率差异变化之下的变迁机理。研究发现:当并购方和被并购方生产率差异较小时,市场达到两类企业都倾向于跨国并购策略的演化稳定状态;当并购双方生产率差异较大时,企业的生产要素密集度及其结构对其OFDI进入模式决策具有重要的作用,知识或技术密集度较高的资本密集型企业与综合实力强势的部分劳动密集型企业采取跨国并购战略,而另一部分劳动密集型企业选择绿地新建方式进入国际市场。即企业OFDI进入策略选择因其所属的行业生产要素密集度及其结构不同而具有差异性。研究结论在一定程度上弥补了现有研究的不足,为以后的研究工作提供一定的理论参考。     

一厘米的毛毛

正小虫毛毛住在花园里,他能轻而易举地爬上高处,一边轻咬,一边测量他的宝贝们:西葫芦、茄子,还有荷兰豆。他的测量方法很简单:他每爬一下身体就会蜷成一个圈儿,这就是1厘米。他从一头开始爬,蜷成多少个圈儿就是多少厘米,这可是个很精确的测量方法哦!"扭来扭去的虫虫,一圈儿又一圈儿。什么都能测量,一环又一环。""7厘米的辣椒,8厘米的豌豆,还有刚长出3厘米的小青菜。"     

吲哚咔唑类异构体芳香性的研究

分别采用拓扑共振能(E_TR)和环电流(RC)方法对吲哚咔唑类化合物的全局芳香性进行了研究.根据E_TR结果,预测所有化合物都具有芳香性.分别用键共振能(BRE)和回路共振能(CRE)方法揭示了它们的局部芳香性.BRE和CRE研究结果表明,在吲哚咔唑类化合物中,由于六元环内电子的离域化程度比五元环内电子的离域化程度强,因此六元环比五元环表现出较强的局部芳香性.此外,外部六元环比中间六元环具有较强的局部芳香性.计算得到的RC结果表明,所有化合物都产生反磁性环电流,化合物产生的反磁性RC强度与它们的¹H NMR化学位移之间具有很好的一致性.     

发光颜色可调的白磷钙矿结构Ca8MgBi(PO4)7∶Ce3+，Tb3+荧光粉的制备、发光性能及能量传递

采用具有白磷钙矿结构的磷酸盐作为目标产物,通过高温固相法制备了发光颜色可调的Ca₈MgBi(PO₄)₇∶Ce³⁺,Tb³⁺荧光粉。利用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和荧光光谱等表征手段对其物相组成、微观形貌及发光性能进行了详细研究。结果表明：掺杂少量的Ce³⁺、Tb³⁺并没有改变Ca₈MgBi(PO₄)₇基质的晶体结构。荧光光谱和荧光寿命曲线确定了Ce³⁺-Tb³⁺之间存在能量传递,其能量传递机制为四极-四极相互作用,能量传递效率可达81%。固定Ce³⁺浓度而逐渐增加Tb³⁺的掺杂量时,系列Ca₈MgBi(PO₄)₇∶0.08Ce³⁺,yTb³⁺荧光粉的发...     

酞菁铁中N4-Fe2+的氧化还原化学和氧还原性能

准确理解金属大环配合物(如N4-Fe²⁺)体系的氧化还原化学性能,对氧还原反应(ORR)电催化剂的基础研究和合理设计具有重要意义.本文采用微波法将三种不同酞菁铁类金属大环配合物吸附在碳纳米管上,分别记为(NH2)4FePc@CNTs,(t-Bu)4FePc@CNTs和FePc@CNTs,考察了取代基对Fe³⁺/Fe²⁺氧化还原电位的影响,以及碱性介质中的氧还原反应催化活性.结果表明,FePc@CNTs,(t-Bu)4FePc@CNTs和(NH2)4FePc@CNTs的ORR起始电位分别为0.98,0.96和0.96 V,而半波电位(E1/2)由高到低的顺序为FePc@CNTs(E1/2=0.91 V),(t-Bu)4FePc@CNTs(E1/2=0.87 V),(NH2)4FePc@CNTs(E1/2=0.83 V).与20%Pt/C(E1/2=0.85 V)相比,FePc@CNTsFePc@CNTs具有优异的ORR性能.在活性、稳定性和耐甲醇性方面,FePc@CNTs复合材料比其他复合材料表现出更高的ORR性能.研究发现,FePc上的供电子基团可以显著改变N4-Fe²⁺活性位点的电子云密度,增加dz 2轨道(HOMO)的能量,并观察到Fe²⁺/Fe³⁺氧化还原电位显著向阴极方向移动.结果表明,取代基的高电子贡献能力降低了HOMO和LUMO(O2的杂轨道*-轨道)之间的电子耦合,从而降低了氧还原催化活性.因此,FePc框架外围的供电子基团对ORR不利.本文阐明了取代基电子效应-金属大环配合物氧化还原电位与ORR催化性能之间的关系,为ORR催化剂活性中心的构建和调控提供了借鉴.     

Sensing behavior of BN nanosheet toward nitrous oxide: A DFT study

In order to develop a sensor for the detection of toxic N₂O molecules, the interaction of pristine and Aldoped BN nanosheets with an N₂O molecule was investigated using density functional theory calculations. It was found that unlike the pristine sheet, the Al-doped sheet can effectively interact with the N₂O molecule so that its electronic properties and conductivity are dramatically changed. Webelieve that replacing a B atom of the BN sheet with an Al atom may be a good strategy for improving the sensitivity of these nanosheets toward N₂O, which cannot be trapped and detected by the pristine sheet.     

修饰沙粒对Pb（II）的吸附性及其在痕量Pb（II）分离富集与测定中的应用

本文用不同浓度的氢氧化钠溶液修饰天然沙粒并通过扫描电镜、静态氮吸附和红外光谱法考察了修饰天然沙粒的表面结构、比表面积和功能基团,优化了修饰条件;以修饰天然沙粒为填料制备分离富集微柱,采用FAAS着重研究了修饰沙粒对Pb2+的动态吸附及其在痕量Pb2+分离富集和测定中的应用;结果表明：天然沙粒被修饰后其表面形貌、比表面积、表面孔体积和粒径分布发生变化,表面变得更粗糙,孔体积和比表面积增大,硅羟基红外吸收峰强度也明显增强;其比表面积为12．55m2/g,平均孔(坑)径为25．29nm,平均孔体积48．04mm3/g(D<8．3 nm);在室温下,溶液pH为5．5,上样流速为1．50mL·min-1时,修饰天然沙粒对Pb2+的动态吸附量可达到32．6 mg/g,吸附率为93．6%,选用0．5mol·L-1的盐酸溶液以3．0mL·min-1流速进行洗脱,洗脱率为97%;适用于痕量Pb2+的分离富集和测定,结果令人满意。