基于混合物理论的非饱和土的热-水-力耦合分析模型Ⅰ

以混合物理论为基础研究了非饱和土的热-水-力多场耦合问题.将非饱和土视为由土骨架、液态水、水蒸气、干燥气体及溶解气体共5种组分构成的混合物,在组分的质量、动量守恒方程及整体能量守恒方程的基础上,引入了37个补充方程以形成封闭方程组.其中,利用水与水蒸气的化学势改变量相同,推导了在气压力变化条件下水与水蒸气相变平衡所满足的限制方程.最终控制方程以增量形式给出,6个方程求解6个未知量(3个土骨架位移、水压力、气压力及温度),充分反映了热膨胀、热渗流、水的相变、气体溶解及土骨架变形等多种现象的耦合过程.     

生物修复放射性污染土壤的研究进展

核能的利用给人类带来了福利也带来了灾难。部分土壤被放射性物质污染,放射性物质通过食物链进入人体,威胁人类健康。目前各国科研工作者正在积极寻找可行的办法解决土壤的放射性污染问题,并发展起来许多方法来修复放射性污染的土壤。本文就放射性污染土壤的来源、危害、处理等进行综述,并重点介绍了生物修复放射性污染土壤的研究进展。     

下分层不同层位千米钻孔稳定性研究

抽采钻孔的稳定性影响到抽采工程效果的好坏.采动作用下,位于底板下方不同层位千米钻孔的加卸载路径不同.为得到采动作用对不同层位钻孔稳定性的影响,分析了底板不同层位钻孔加卸载路径,依据该路径,设计十种数值模拟计算方案,对底板钻孔在不同速率加卸载、变速加卸载两种方式下的破坏范围、孔壁位移进行了分析,得到了加卸载结束后各方案对应的塑性区分布范围及加卸载过程中孔壁位移曲线.依据数值计算得到的卸载速率与形变恢复滞后性的关系,建立了考虑卸载速率变化的钻孔周边切应力计算模型.研究结果表明:加载速率对钻孔周边的破坏范围几乎不产生影响;卸载过程中,钻孔周边破坏范围与初始卸载应力及卸载速率相关,在进行底板顺层抽采钻孔布置时需综合考虑布孔位置处的应力值及卸载速率.     

Analysis of coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical behavior of unsaturated soils based on theory of mixtures I

This paper analyzes a coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical behavior of unsaturated soils based on the theory of mixtures. Unsaturated soil is considered as a mixture composed of soil skeleton, liquid water, vapor, dry air, and dissolved air. In addition to the mass and momentum conservation equations of each component and the energy conservation equation of the mixture, the system is closed using other 37 constitutive （or restriction） equations. As the change in water chemical potential is identical to the change in vapor chemical potential, a thermodynamic restriction relationship for the phase transition between pore water and pore vapor is formulated, in which the impact of the change in gas pressure on the phase transition is taken into account. Six final govern- ing equations are given in incremental form in terms of six primary variables, i.e., three displacement components of soil skeleton, water pressure, gas pressure, and temperature. The processes involved in the coupled model include thermal expansions of soil skeleton and soil particle, Soret effect, phase transition between water and vapor, air dissolution in pore water, and deformation of soil skeleton.