基于制造商资金有约束的替代产品的最优生产决策

考虑一个单周期的生产决策模型,在该模型中有一个制造商生产两种可替代的产品.面对随机的市场需求,制造商要在需求到来之前制定出两种产品的生产决策来最大化自己的期望利润.在制造商的资金有、无约束两种情形下,证明了制造商的收益函数的期望是关于两种产品生产数量的凹函数,探讨了资金的约束以及产品的替代给制造商的生产决策所带来的影响,给出了最优生产数量的若干性质.另外,针对需求分布为均匀分布的特殊情形给出了制造商最优生产决策的简单表达形式.     

A novel snowdrift game model with edge weighting mechanism on the square lattice

We propose a novel snowdrift game model with edge weighting mechanism to explore the cooperative behaviors among the players on the square lattice. Based on the assumption of three types of weight distribution including uniform, exponential and power-law schemes, the cooperation level is largely boosted in contrast with the traditional snowdrift game on the unweighted square lattice. Extensive numerical simulations indicate that the fraction of cooperators greatly augments, especially for the intermediate range of cost-to-benefit ratio r. Furthermore, we investigate how the cooperative behaviors are affected by the undulation amplitude of weight distribution and noise strength of strategy selection, respectively. The simulation results will be conducive to further understanding and analyzing the emergence of cooperation, which is a ubiquitous phenomenon in social and biological science.     

基于最优控制的无质量缺陷退货决策

无缺陷退货是逆向物流方向近年来的研究热点,目前针对无缺陷退货的研究多是基于单周期报童模型展开的。本文应用最优控制理论,对无缺陷退货问题建立了产品生命周期动态决策模型,在模型中企业以累计收益最大化为决策目标,以价格和宣传咨询投入为决策变量。针对两类特定情况,分别研究了这些情况下的最优决策,并且最终通过数例分析对本文结论的有效性进行了验证。