空间站伸展机构的非线性动响应分析

本文在考虑连接件柔性和关节间隙的情况下，建立起结构的有限元分析模型，对结构的非线性动响应进行了计算仿真和实验研究。结果表明铰接间隙是空间站伸展机构非一的主要来源，间隙使结构明显变柔；实验还说明，预应力可使结构间隙减小或部分消除，从而减弱结构的非线性特性，使系统响应接近于理想结构。     

机械臂臂杆刚度主动控制下的末端振动特性研究

机械臂在运动过程中会因臂杆柔性引发结构变形和弹性振动,降低机械臂末端的定位精度和运动稳定性,将结构振动控制方法用于机械臂的振动抑制研究具有重要意义. 基于变刚度主动控制的设计思想,提出了臂杆刚度主动控制方法,通过改变机械臂臂杆的轴向受力状况来主动改变机械臂的刚度. 采用变形耦合法描述了机械臂的非线性变形,进而结合假设模态法和拉格朗日方程建立了臂杆的变刚度动力学模型,并进行了数值仿真. 在此基础上,设计了基于臂杆刚度主动控制方法的单自由度实验台,分析了不同预紧力下机械臂末端的振动特性. 数值仿真和实验结果表明,随着预紧力的增加,机械臂末端的振动幅值得到衰减,验证了臂杆刚度主动控制方法的有效性. 通过采用响应面法建立了机械臂末端的振动响应与预紧力的关系,并基于内部映射牛顿法的子空间置信域法优化算法对预紧力进行了优化分析,得到了最优预紧力. 该研究可为机械臂的精细动力学建模和振动抑制提供一定的理论依据,并为研究经济型低刚度材料的刚化问题提供了方向,以利用廉价低刚度材料取代目前所应用的昂贵高刚度材料.      

Mechanism analysis and improved model for stick-slip friction behavior considering stress distribution variation of interface

Studying the evolution of interface contact state, revealing the "black box" behavior in interface friction and establishing a more accurate friction model are of great significance to improve the prediction accuracy of mechanical system performance. Based on the principle of total reflection, a visual analysis technology of interface contact behavior is proposed. Considering the dynamic variation of stress distribution in interface contact, we analyze the nonlinear characteristics of contact parameters in different stages of stick-slip process using the above-mentioned experimental technology. Then, we find that the tangential stiffness of the interface is not a fixed value during the stick-slip process and the stress distribution variation is one of the important factors affecting the tangential stiffness of interface. Based on the previous experimental results, we present an improved stick-slip friction model, considering the change of tangential stiffness and friction coefficient caused by the stress distribution variation. This improved model can characterize the variation characteristics of contact parameters in different stages of stick-slip process, whose simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental data. This research may be valuable for improving the prediction accuracy of mechanical system performance.     

智能桁架结构最速自抗扰振动控制研究

研究新型实用的非线性自抗扰控制技术,在大型空间智能桁架结构主动振动控制中的应用.自抗扰控制技术的主要特性是采用扩张状态观测器对系统建模、未建模动态和外扰进行实时估计,并在控制信号中补偿掉,实现非线性不确定对象的动态补偿线性化.首先,基于动态补偿线性化的思想,对多变量耦合的非线性智能桁架结构的数学模型进行解耦;然后,采用扩张状态观测器和离散最速控制综合函数提出了一种新颖的最速自抗扰振动控制器.最后,对空间102杆压电智能桁架结构进行了最速自抗扰振动控制仿真研究.结果表明:本文提出的最速自抗扰振动控制器较好地解决了振动控制的准确性和快速性之间的矛盾,可有效地用于大型空间智能桁架结构的主动振动控制.     

包带连接特性及星-箭-包带连接结构耦合动力学的研究进展

包带连接结构是目前航天领域应用最广泛的星箭连接和分离机构. 包带连接结构通过组件间的接触、摩擦传递载荷, 在预紧力作用下实现星箭连接. 各组件间的接触、摩擦力学行为随外载荷的变化而改变, 从而导致包带连接刚度具有明显的非线性特征, 影响火箭的运载能力以及星箭系统的动力学特性. 本文对包带连接结构的局部连接特性及其对星箭整体系统动力学特性的影响进行了综述. 首先介绍了国内外针对包带连接特性开展的研究工作, 重点评述了有关包带连接结构的承载能力和连接刚度等问题的研究进展; 随后, 围绕包带连接结构在星箭系统模型中的表征及其对星箭系统动特性的影响等问题, 对星-箭-包带耦合动力学进行了论述; 最后, 指出了这一领域需要进一步研究的若干问题.      

基于一类积分不等式上的中立型时滞微分方程的稳定性

利用一类积分不等式以及参数变易法,Jensen不等式,给出了更为一般的中立型时滞微分系统的Lyapunov稳定性的判别准则,推广和改进了一些文献中有关中立型微分方程的Lyapunov稳定性的结论.     

埋入式光纤模式功率调制传感原理及实验研究——航天smart结构

对 Smart材料 /结构中的光纤传感原理进行了探讨 ,并进行了实验研究。这种新研制的传感器工作原理是基于模式功率调制。远场光强将反映结构内的变形场 ,亦即光纤受到外界加载或扰动后所产生的变形。最后提出了应用多模光纤在编织复合材料 Smart结构中进行远场光强测量的方案 ,建立了实验装置 ,给出了实验结果并进行了讨论。     

Relationship between the real contact area and contact force in pre-sliding regime

The pre-sliding regime is typically neglected in the dynamic modelling of mechanical systems. However, the change in contact state caused by static friction may decrease positional accuracy and control precision. To investigate the relationship between contact status and contact force in pre-sliding friction, an optical experimental method is presented in this paper.With this method, the real contact state at the interface of a transparent material can be observed based on the total reflection principle of light by using an image processing technique. A novel setup, which includes a pair of rectangular trapezoidal blocks, is proposed to solve the challenging issue of accurately applying different tangential and normal forces to the contact interface. The improved Otsu's method is used for measurement. Through an experimental study performed on polymethyl methacrylate(PMMA), the quantity of contact asperities is proven to be the dominant factor that affects the real contact area. The relationship between the real contact area and the contact force in the pre-sliding regime is studied, and the distribution of static friction at the contact interface is qualitatively discussed. New phenomena in which the real contact area expands along with increasing static friction are identified. The aforementioned relationship is approximately linear at the contact interface under a constant normal pressure, and the distribution of friction stress decreases from the leading edge to the trailing edge.