变分模态分解在爆破信号趋势项去除中的应用

爆破工程中，信号趋势项的准确去除对提高爆破振动信号分析的精度具有重要意义。针对经验模态分解（empirical mode decomposition，EMD）识别法存在的模态混叠和端头效应等缺陷，提出了基于变分模态分解（variational mode decomposition，VMD）去除信号趋势项的方法，即VMD法。叙述了VMD法识别爆破信号趋势项原理，并进行了仿真实验，结果表明:趋势项频率对分解效果的影响相对较小，当趋势项频率处于1～5 Hz之间时，频率对分解效果的影响基本保持不变；振幅对分解效果影响显著，且振幅越小，VMD法的分解效果越差。当趋势项振幅超过原始爆破信号最大振幅的1/3时，VMD法分解效果较好。最后，应用VMD法和EMD法对含有趋势项的实测爆破振动信号进行处理，认为相比于EMD法，VMD法处理后的信号基本一致且不存在端点效应，在爆破信号趋势项去除领域中具有更加广泛的适用性。     

Angular momentum of a brane-world model

In this paper we discuss the properties of the general covariant angular momentum of a five-dimensional brane-world model. Through calculating the total angular momentum of this model, we are able to analyze the properties of the total angular momentum in the inflationary RS model. We show that the space-like components of the total angular momentum of the inflationary RS model are all zero while the others are non-zero, which agrees with the results from ordinary RS model.     

基于元件组合理论的砂岩动态损伤本构模型

采用分离式霍普金森压杆（SHPB）系统,对砂岩进行不同速度下的冲击试验,得到砂岩的应变率效应特征以及典型的动态本构曲线。该曲线分为近似线弹性阶段、塑性阶段、塑性增强阶段和正向卸载阶段。通过组合模型的方法,构建了砂岩含损伤的动态本构模型,借助LS-DYNA软件中的用户材料子程序UMAT接口实现对本构模型的二次开发,并对砂岩在冲击速度为7.5、9.5、11.5和13.5 m/s 4种情况下的SHPB动态冲击压缩试验进行模拟。结果表明:所构建的模型可以很好地描述砂岩的应变率效应和应力-应变曲线弹性段,并且动态峰值强度、最大应变均与试验结果一致,应变率、峰值强度、最大应变与试验结果的相对误差不超过10%。所构建的砂岩动态本构模型能够准确地描述砂岩在冲击作用下的动态力学特性。     

与额外维相关的膜宇宙模型

对引力场的能量\|动量和角动量守恒定律研究进展进行了总结。依此探讨了一般五维时空膜宇宙模型中的能量\|动量张量、 角动量张量以及它们的守恒定律。通过计算一个膜宇宙模型中的能动张量, 论证了该模型中“可见膜”上的引力非常弱, 这可认为是从引力的角度反映了规范层次问题。结果与一般的结论, 即引力系统总能量为零是一致的。同时, 分析了这个膜宇宙模型中的角动量张量, 计算了该模型中的总角动量, 讨论了暴涨Randall\|Sundren(RS)模型中的总角动量的一些性质。说明了在这类模型中总角动量的类空分量均为零, 这与普通RS模型是一样的。同时, 分析了RS模型中背景以及膜上的宇宙学常数, 发现在RS模型中五维背景宇宙学常数和两个膜上的真空能都能取它们的自然值。最后通过修改RS模型, 得到了一种可以产生很小的有效宇宙学常数的机制。We summarized both the general covariant energy\|momentum and angular momentum conservation law in the gravitational system and analyzed the general covariant energy\|momentum tensor of the gravitational system in general five\|dimensional cosmological in brane\|universe models. After calculating this energy\|momentum for the cosmological generalization of the Randall\|Sundrum(RS) model which includes the original RS model as the static limit, we are able to show that the weakness of the gravitation on the “visible” brane is a general feature of this model. This is the origin of the gauge hierarchy from a gravitational point of view. Our results are also consistent with the fact that a gravitational system has vanishing total energy. We also discussed the properties of the general covariant angular momentum in five\|dimensional brane-universe model. With calculation of the total angular momentum of this model, we analyzed the properties of the total angular momentum in the inflationary RS model. We pointed that the space-like components of the total angular momentum are zero while the others are non-zero, which agrees with the results from ordinary RS model. We also investigated the bulk cosmological constant and brane vacuum energies in RS model. We show that the five\|dimensional bulk cosmological constant and the vacuum energies of the two branes could take their natural values. Finally we argued how we can generate a small four-dimensional effective cosmological constant on the branes by modifying the original RS model.