钨合金柱形弹超高速撞击水泥砂浆靶的侵彻深度研究

In this paper we carried out experiments using two-stage light gas gun with Gram-grade cylindrical tungsten alloy projectiles, impacting concrete targets at velocity from 1.82 km/s to 3.66 km/s ton investigate the cratering mechanism of concrete targets in hypervelocity impact conditions. We obtained the penetration depth and residual length of the projectiles using computerized tomography (CT) and used the numerical simulation results conducted by Euler algorithm to further examine the mechanism of hypervelocity impact, and achieved the following results: (1) The craters were structured by spalling areas and bullet holes; (2) The penetration depth increases at first and then decreases with the increase of the impact velocities, and the maximum penetration depth was 8.5 times that of the projectile length, which showed no significant advantage over low velocity penetration; (3) According to the pressure of the interface of the projectiles and targets, the penetration processes were divided into four stages, of which the quasi-steady stage and the third stage were crucial in determining the total penetration depth; (4) When the projectiles were completely eroded with the increase of the impact velocities, the penetration depth of the quasi-steady stages almost remained the same and the penetration depth of the third stage decreased so that the total penetration depth was observed to increase at first and then decrease.     

钨合金/黄铜复合结构靶抗高速破片侵彻的实验研究

在二级轻气炮上对新设计的一种钨合金/黄铜的有间隙的复合结构靶板开展了抗侵彻实验研究。靶板材料为多层结构,层与层之间有10mm到50mm的间隙。为了得到最优的结构设计参数,在二级轻气炮上对这种结构的靶板进行了弹丸质量为3g～20g、弹丸速度为2000m/s～4100m/s的抗侵彻实验研究。研究结果表明,高密度、高硬度的93W合金板和H62黄铜是防护结构最佳选材之一;用它们的两组合设计的四层复合结构靶能抵抗质量约20g,速度约2000m/s的钢质破片的侵彻。这一研究结果为选择合理的防护结构提供实验支持。     

球形爆炸容器的内部载荷和响应特性

对球形容器内壁压力、温度和容器外壁应变进行了实验监测,为认识容器内部流场演变和容器响 应的全过程提供了较系统的实验数据支持。实验结果及分析显示:容器内部流场在载荷来回反射3次后分布 相对均匀;由容器外壁应变波形推测容器内部爆炸产物发生较明显的二次反应;各个应变监测位置均出现了 应变增长现象,其中容器入口门正对位置的应变增长现象最严重,应变峰值平均值增大系数达到2.88;容器 振动主频率为呼吸振动频率,另一主频率约为呼吸振动频率的1/2;容器外壁最大应变约2.510-3,等效应 力峰值比容器材料静态屈服应力大了约80%,容器无明显塑性变形。     

固体介质中球形发散波的实验装置

建立了用于固体介质中球形发散波传播规律研究的实验技术 ,球形波源是当量为 0 .12gTNT和 0 .4 9gTNT的微型炸药球 ,波后粒子速度测计是圆环型电磁粒子速度计。用该实验和测量系统在有机玻璃和花岗岩中进行了大量的实验研究 ,实验的重复性很好。利用微型炸药球可在较小的样品中模拟较大比距离范围内的波传播。利用圆环型电磁粒子速度计可使输出信号幅度不受波强度因几何发散而快速衰减的影响 ,而且信号输出反映了波面上一条圆环线处介质动力学状态的综合平均结果。该技术的这些突出优点对研究固体介质 (特别是非均匀固体介质 )中球形发散波传播规律和相应的材料动力学特性研究具有重要意义。圆环型电磁粒子速度计测量技术同样适用于固体介质中圆柱形发散波的情况。     

填充式泡沫铝防护结构的弹道极限

为了探索泡沫材料在空间防护上的应用,结合实验和数值模拟,绘制了弹速0.5~7.0km/s范围 内填充式泡沫铝防护结构的弹道极限曲线,并与Whipple结构进行了比较。结果表明:填充式泡沫铝防护结 构的防护性能优于同等面密度、总厚度的Whipple结构;孔隙率对填充式泡沫铝防护结构防护性能影响较小。     

串联动能侵彻弹侵彻混凝土靶研究

 设计了一种串联型动能侵彻弹。对该侵彻弹在不同条件下侵彻半无限混凝土靶进行了数值模拟和系列尺寸实验研究，并对该侵彻弹对目标的毁伤机理进行了分析，计算结果与实验结果较为一致，为该结构侵彻弹侵彻硬目标的研究提供了依据。     

Φ100/30mm口径二级轻气炮研制

Φ100/30mm口径二级轻气炮主要用于EFP(Explosively Formed Projectile爆炸成形弹丸)、PELE(Penetrator with Enhanced Lateral Efficiency横向效应增强型侵彻弹)、分段杆条等杀伤元件对各类目标毁伤机理及高应变率材料动态性能等领域的高速、超高速撞击实验研究。该气炮以Φ100mm单级压缩气炮作为首级驱动,加装可拆卸的Φ30mm发射管,实现了一、二级气炮的功能。本文主要介绍了该气炮的高压锥段、发射管、膜片及活塞等关键零部件的结构设计、调试及实验研究情况。目前该炮作为一级气炮已将20kg弹丸驱动到349m/s,1kg弹丸驱动到1157m/s;作为二级气炮已将100g弹丸驱动到3005m/s,400g弹丸驱动到1520m/s。     

基于波传播系数构建填实爆炸下花岗岩中运动及变形场

为利用球面波实验测得的有限个粒子速度信息来分析地下爆炸下介质的运动及变形特性，基于黏弹性球面波理论和局部黏弹性等效假设，提出了一种构建地下爆炸运动及变形场的新方法。首先，利用0.125 g TNT填实爆炸下花岗岩中相邻测点的粒子速度频谱给出相应的频谱比；其次，结合黏弹性球面波理论给出的理论频谱比求解出相邻测点之间区域内等效的球面波传播系数；再次，利用局部黏弹性等效假设给出相邻测点之间任意一点的粒子速度频谱，再通过傅里叶逆变换给出粒子速度的时域波形；最后，利用运动场和变形场的物理关系，完成整个分析区域内运动场和变形场的构建。结果表明:由相邻测点反演得到的波传播系数，可高精度地构建相应测点之间区域内介质的运动及变形场；在半径15～50 mm区域内，径向压缩应变峰值约从1.7×10?2降为2.1×10?3，切向拉伸应变峰值约从4.7×10?3降为0.4×10?3，径向压缩应变率峰值约从5.1×104 s?1降为2.5×103 s?1，切向拉伸应变率峰值约从5.0×103 s?1降为1.4×102 s?1，涵盖了高应变（率）到中低应变（率）加、卸载的全过程。     

超高速撞击实验的三级压缩气炮技术

介绍了弹速8km/s、氮气驱动三级压缩气炮技术的研究背景。论述了以三级压缩替代二级压缩 在提高氮气驱动多级气炮上限弹速方面的意义。讨论了弹径10mm 的57-37-10三级气炮的驱动气压、泵管 初充气压与发射弹速及高压气室荷载之间的关系。简述了57-37-10三级压缩气炮主要部件的工程设计,通 过实验数据和实物照片表述了57-37-10三级压缩气炮研究工作的进展情况。     

The change of characteristics of tidal wave in the Changjiang River mouth area since the post-glacial transgression maximum

During the period of the post-glacial transgression maximum (PGTM), there was a huge trumpet estuary in the modern Changjiang River Delta area. The location and the shape of the Paleo-Changjiang River Estuary (PCRE) were much different from those of the present Chang-Jiang River Estuary. The study on the change of characteristics of tidal wave in the Changjiang River mouth area since the PGTM can help to understand better the dynamic development of the Changjiang River Delta. The course curves of tidal level and tidal current velocity during a single tidal cycle for 35 points are calculated, and characteristics of tidal waves in the PCRE and its adjacent area are compared with those of tidal waves in the modern Changjiang River mouth area. The results show that the tidal waves within the PCRE and in its adjacent area during the period of the PGTM belonged to standing wave or a mixture of standing wave and progressive wave. Since then, the tidal wave in the Changjiang River mouth become gradually to be pr