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排序方式: 共有135条查询结果,搜索用时 6 毫秒
1.
Umar Asghar Mehvish Iram Zile Huma Rubina Nelofer Muhammad Nadeem 《Natural product research》2015,29(2):125-131
This study was conducted to analyse structural changes through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) after alkaline pretreatment of wheat straw for optimum steaming period. During the study, 2 mm size of substrate was soaked in 2.5% NaOH for 1 h at room temperature and then autoclaved at 121°C for various steaming time (30, 60, 90 and 120 min). Results revealed that residence time of 90 min at 121°C has strong effect on substrate, achieving a maximum cellulose content of 83%, delignification of 81% and hemicellulose content of 10.5%. Further SEM and FTIR spectroscopy confirmed structural modification caused by alkaline pretreatment in substrate. Maximum saccharification yield of 52.93% was achieved with 0.5% enzyme concentration using 2.5% substrate concentration for 8 h of incubation at 50°C. This result indicates that the above-mentioned pretreatment conditions create accessible areas for enzymatic hydrolysis. 相似文献
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Reactions of isomeric pyridinealdehydes and acetylpyridines with dime thylphenylsi lane proceed readily in dichloromethane in the presence of catalytic amounts of CsF and 18-crown-6 to give silyl ethers of the corresponding pyridyl carbinols in good yields (50–70%). 相似文献
3.
Jason L. Nyrop Arash Soheili Rong Xiang Fanyu Meng Jacob H. Waldman Xiujuan Jia Rubina Giarre Parmar Benjamin W. Thuronyi J. Michael Williams Lisa DiMichele Michel Journet Bonnie J. Howell Bing Mao Ian W. Davies Steven L. Colletti Laura Sepp‐Lorenzino Erin N. Guidry 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2014,52(8):1119-1129
Synthetic polymers represent a modifiable class of materials that can serve as adjuvants to address challenges in numerous biomedical and medicinal chemistry applications including the delivery of siRNA. Polymer‐based therapeutics offer unique challenges in both synthesis and characterization as compared to small molecule therapeutics. The ability to control the structure of the polymer is critical in creating a therapeutic. Reported herein, are batch and flow polymerization processes to produce amphiphilic terpolymers through a Lewis acid BF3OEt2‐catalyzed polymerization. These processes focus on controlling reaction variables, which affect polymer structure in this rapid, exothermic, nonliving cationic polymerization. In addition to analytical characterization of the polymers, the in vivo activity of the polymer‐siRNA conjugates is also highlighted—demonstrating that the method of synthesis does affect the in vivo activity of the resulting polymer conjugate. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2014 , 52, 1119–1129 相似文献
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Kira Rubina Edgars Ābele Juris Popelis Solveiga Grinberga Pavel Arsenyan Edmunds Lukevics 《Phosphorus, sulfur, and silicon and the related elements》2013,188(3):521-529
A novel two-step method for the preparation of ( E )-2-chlorovinylthioarenes (or hetarenes) from thiols and 1,1,2-trichloroethane in the phase transfer catalytic systems solid K 2 CO 3 /solid KI/18-crown-6/xylene and solid KOH/18-crown-6/toluene has been developed. ( E )-2-chlorovinylthioarenes were isolated in yields up to 98%. Utilization of ( E )-2-chlorovinylthioarenes in the Heck and Stille reactions has been shown. 相似文献
6.
Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Biodegradable Di‐ and Tri‐Block Copolymers Based on Ethylene Carbonate Polymer as Hydrophobic Segment 下载免费PDF全文
Rubina Abdul‐Karim Syed Ghulam Musharraf Muhammad Imran Malik 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2017,55(11):1887-1893
Synthesis of novel amphiphilic biodegradable block copolymers based on ethylene carbonate is reported in this study. Polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether (MeO‐PEO) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) of varying molar masses are used as macro‐initiator for ring‐opening polymerization of ethylene carbonate in the presence of sodium stannate trihydrate as a heterogeneous transesterification catalyst. Earlier elution of block copolymer from macro‐initiator in size exclusion chromatography (SEC) indicated the successful synthesis of the block copolymers. Ratios of both types of blocks are varied systematically. Liquid chromatography at critical conditions is used for the analysis of the non‐critical individual blocks, and if there are any critical segments that are not attached to the non‐critical block. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the synthesis of ethylene carbonate‐based amphiphilic block copolymers. Chromatographic critical conditions of the ethylene carbonate polymer are also reported for the first time. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017 , 55, 1887–1893 相似文献
7.
Syed Qaiser Shah Muhammad Rafiullah Khan 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2011,288(2):423-428
In the present study synthesis of the 99mTc?CCNN complex and its efficacy as a prospective Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) infection imaging agent was assessed. The 99mTc?CCNN complex was characterized in terms of stability in saline, serum, in vitro binding with S. aureus and in vivo percent absorption in male Wister rats (MWR) infected with live and heat killed S. aureus. Radiochemically the 99mTc?CCNN complex showed stable behavior in saline and serum at different intervals. At 30 min after reconstitution the complex showed maximum radiochemical purity (RCP) yield of 97.55 ± 0.22%. The RCP yield decreased to 90.50 ± 0.18% within 240 min. In serum, 18.15% unwanted side product was appeared within 16 h of the incubation. In vitro saturated binding with S. aureus was observed at different intervals with a 62.00% maximum at 90 min. Normal percent in vivo uptake was observed in MWR artificially infected with live S. aureus with a five times higher in the infected muscle as compared to the inflamed and normal muscles. No difference in the percent uptake of the complex in MWR infected with heat killed S. aureus in the infected, inflamed and normal muscles were observed. Based on the promising in vitro and in vivo radiochemical and biological characteristics, we recommend the 99mTc?CCNN complex for in vivo localization of the S. aureus infectious foci. 相似文献
8.
Isomeric acetylpyridines undergo regiospecific alkylation with methyl iodide under solid/liquid phase transfer conditions (aromatic solvent/KOH/18-crown-6) to give the corresponding isopropyl and/or tert-butyl pyridyl ketones, depending on reaction conditions. 相似文献
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Mehwish Nawaz Haji Muhammad Shoaib Khan Naveed Akhtar Talha Jamshed Rubina Qaiser Hina Shoukat Mehrin Farooq 《Photochemistry and photobiology》2019,95(5):1243-1248
Solar radiations trigger the physiological alteration in skin which progress toward photoaging. Sunscreens are known to be effective against the photodamaging effects of sunlight. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the extent to which aging signs caused by real‐life sunlight exposure could be avoided by comparing various parameters between sun‐exposed and sun‐protected skin using noninvasive probes. Female volunteers (n = 11) after getting their consent were provided with marketed sunscreen product to apply onto their skin for 6 months. Measurements were scheduled every 15 days from the baseline reading for 6 months. Cutometer, Mexameter and Corneometer were used for evaluation of facial skin parameters. Clinical evaluations showed the effects of sunlight exposure on different skin parameters by comparing sun‐protected and unprotected skin, where Gross elasticity (R2), Net elasticity (R5), Viscoelasticity (R6) and Biological elasticity (R7) showed insignificant results, while Hydration, Melanin and Erythema showed significant results. Sun‐exposed skin presented 0.72%, 0.66%, 0.77%, 1.39%, 1.99%, 2.01% and 3.15% changes in R2, R5, R6 and R7, melanin, erythema and hydration, respectively, which were potentially prevented by sunscreen application. Premature aging is inhibited by following photoprotective regimen on routine basis, emphasizing the potential benefit of sunscreen against early aging signs. 相似文献