Solar light-driven photocatalytic production of hypochlorous acid over Pt/WO3 in seawater for marine antifouling

The hypochlorous acid (HCIO) was synthesized from seawater by the Pt/WO₃ photocatalyst under visible-light irradiation. The effect of WO₃ morphology and Pt loading on the performance of the composite photocatalyst for the production of HCIO has been studied in detail. The study found that among the series of materials, hollow WO₃ microspheres with a diameter of about 3 μm loaded with 1.0 wt% Pt have the best HCIO production performance. Over it, 14.52 μM of HClO (1.24 mg/L of free chlorine) was accumulated in 0.5 M NaCl solution after 2 h of visible-light photoirradiation. What is more, the concentration of HClO can reach 4.34 μM (0.354 mg/L free chlorine) in natural seawater for 1 h using this Pt/WO₃ photocatalyst. Under visible-light irradiation, the Pt/WO₃ photocatalyst has a good broad-spectrum antibacterial activity and the activity of inhibiting marine fouling algae. The Pt/WO₃ photocatalyst has high stability and reusability. All these characteristics are conducive to the application in the field of marine antifouling. Moreover, the photocatalytic reaction mechanism was evaluated by studying the photoelectrochemical properties of Pt/WO₃/FTO. This research provides a new strategy for replacing the traditional electrolytic marine antifouling system with the visible-light-catalyzed HClO production system.

     

Green synthesis of palladium nanoparticles using broth of Cinnamomum camphora leaf

The development of dependable, environmentally benign processes for the synthesis of nanoscale materials is an important aspect of nanotechnology. In the present study, we report one-pot biogenic fabrication of palladium nanoparticles by a simple procedure using broth of Cinnamomum camphora leaf without extra surfactant, capping agent, and/or template. The mean size of palladium nanoparticles, ranging from 3.2 to 6.0 nm, could be facilely controlled by merely varying the initial concentration of the palladium ions. The polyols components and the heterocyclic components were believed to be responsible for the reduction of palladium ions and the stabilization of palladium nanoparticles, respectively.     

A novel two-nozzle electrospinning process for preparing microfiber reinforced pH-sensitive nano-membrane with enhanced mechanical property

A novel pH sensitive membrane (pHS-M) with mechanical integrity is synthesized firstly by two nozzles electrospining in this work. We report an excellent strategy here to combine indicative nanofiber from 9% PAN solution and micro-sized fibers from 20% PA-66 solution homogeneously in one electrospinning setup. The pH indicative property of electrospun sheet can be achieved by PAN nanofibers that first aminating with ethylenediamine and then immobilizing phenolphthalein covalently through a Mannich reaction, while micro-sized PA-66 fibers are responsible for the improvement of mechanical property of electrospun mat due to their elastic and flexible behavior. The composite membrane was characterized by SEM, FTIR and UV–vis spectroscopy. Results show that two kinds of pH sensitive membranes (single PAN nanofibers (pHS-NF) or composite PAN/PA-66 fiber (pHS-CF)) all exhibited remarkable color change from pale yellow to violet in a wide range of alkaline solution and rapid response time within 100 s. But after added of microfiber, the tensile strength was enhanced from 1.3 MPa to 6.90 MPa prominently which is beneficial to put the membrane into practice.     

A General Strategy for the Biosynthesis of Gold Nanoparticles by Traditional Chinese Medicines and Their Potential Application as Catalysts

Tea time! Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) could be readily prepared by a general strategy involving the reduction of aqueous HAuCl₄ in the presence of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs). Spheroidal and triangular gold nanoparticles were observed depending on the TCM used. The strategy exemplified the universal application of plant bioresources for the synthesis of GNPs and catalytic purposes.

     

Influence of solvents on the formation of ultrathin uniform poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) nanofibers with electrospinning

Although there have been many reports on the preparation and applications of various polymer nanofibers with the electrospinning technique, the understanding of synthetic parameters in electrospinning remains limited. In this article, we investigate experimentally the influence of solvents on the morphology of the poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) micro/nanofibers prepared by electrospinning PVP solution in different solvents, including ethanol, dichloromethane (MC) and N,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF). Using 4 wt % PVP solutions, the PVP fibers prepared from MC and DMF solvents had a shape like a bead‐on‐a‐string. In contrast, smooth PVP nanofibers were obtained with ethanol as a solvent although the size distribution of the fibers was somewhat broadened. In an effort to prepare PVP nanofibers with small diameters and narrow size distributions, we developed a strategy of using mixed solvents. The experimental results showed that when the ratio of DMF to ethanol was 50:50 (w/w), regular cylindrical PVP nanofibers with a diameter of 20 nm were successfully prepared. The formation of these thinnest nanofibers could be attributed to the combined effects of ethanol and DMF solvents that optimize the solution viscosity and charge density of the polymer jet. In addition, an interesting helical‐shaped fiber was obtained from 20 wt % PVP solution in a 50:50 (w/w) mixed ethanol/DMF solvent. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 42: 3721–3726, 2004     

Three-step iterative methods with eighth-order convergence for solving nonlinear equations

A family of eighth-order iterative methods for the solution of nonlinear equations is presented. The new family of eighth-order methods is based on King’s fourth-order methods and the family of sixth-order iteration methods developed by Chun et al. Per iteration the new methods require three evaluations of the function and one evaluation of its first derivative. Therefore this family of methods has the efficiency index which equals 1.682. Kung and Traub conjectured that a multipoint iteration without memory based on n$n$ evaluations could achieve optimal convergence order 2ⁿ⁻¹$2^{n-1}$. Thus we provide a new example which agrees with the conjecture of Kung–Traub for n=4$n=4$. Numerical comparisons are made to show the performance of the presented methods.     

黄孢展齿革菌菌丝球同时吸附铅镉离子的动力学

采用间歇法，利用黄孢展齿革菌菌丝球吸附溶液中的Pb^2 和Cd^2 ，研究Pb^2 和Cd^2 共存体系中吸附初速率随初始浓度的变化规律。实验结果表明，少量Cd^2 的存在促进其对Pb^2 的吸附，并提高吸附初速率，但随着Cd^2 初始浓度的增加，促进作用逐渐减弱并转为抑制作用；Cd^2 的吸附初速率随着Pb^2 初始浓度增大而减小；Pb^2 和Cd^2 的吸附初速率都随自身初始浓度的增加而增大。     

Ba4KFe3O9: a novel ferrite containing discrete 6-membered rings of corner-sharing FeO4 tetrahedra

Single crystals of a new iron-containing oxide, Ba(4)KFe(3)O(9), were grown from a hydroxide melt, and the crystal structure was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. This ferrite represents the first complex oxide containing isolated 6-membered rings of corner-sharing FeO(4) tetrahedra. M?ssbauer measurements are indicative of two tetrahedral high-spin Fe(3+) coordination environments. The observed magnetic moment (~3.9 μ(B)) at 400 K is significantly lower than the calculated spin-only (~5.2 μ(B)) value, indicating the presence of strong antiferromagnetic interactions in the oxide. Our density functional theory calculations confirm the strong antiferromagnetic coupling between adjacent Fe(3+) sites within each 6-membered ring and estimate the nearest-neighbor spin-exchange integral as ~200 K; next-nearest-neighbor interactions are shown to be negligible. The lower than expected effective magnetic moment for Ba(4)KFe(3)O(9) calculated from χT data is explained as resulting from the occupation of lower-lying magnetic states in which more spins are paired. X-band (9.5 GHz) electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra of a powder sample consist of a single line at g ~ 2.01 that is characteristic of Fe(3+) ions in a tetrahedral environment, thus confirming the M?ssbauer results. Further analysis of the EPR line shape reveals the presence of two types of Fe(6) magnetic species with an intensity ratio of ~1:9. Both species have Lorentzian line shapes and indistinguishable g factors but differ in their peak-to-peak line widths (δB(pp)). The line-width ratio δB(pp)(major)/δB(pp)(minor) ~ 3.6 correlates well with the ratio of the Weiss constants, θ(minor)/θ(major) ~ 4.     

由肉桂酸生物合成L-苯丙氨酸

本文评述了Ｌ－苯丙氮酸的各种合成路线、国内外的研究现状及工业化情况，重点讨论了由肉桂酸和氨生物合成Ｌ－苯丙氨酸的路线，提出了在国内进一步工作的建议。     

苯并噻唑类荧光探针的合成及对N2H4·H2O和HSO-3的检测性能

以苯并噻唑为荧光团, 氰基乙酸乙酯为识别基团, 设计合成了对水合肼和亚硫酸氢盐具有双重检测能力的荧光探针3-(2-羟基-苯并噻唑)-2-氰基-丙烯酸乙酯(HBT-CN). 在二甲基亚砜/磷酸盐(体积比为1：4)的缓冲液中, 探针对水合肼和亚硫酸氢盐具有良好的选择性, 且荧光强度分别增强了5.6倍(500 nm)和7.5倍(458 nm). 结果表明, 在检测过程中, HTB-CN与水合肼发生了还原-缩合反应, 生成了醛腙, 在波长500 nm处发出黄绿色的荧光信号; HBT-CN与亚硫酸氢盐发生了亲核加成反应, 在波长458 nm处发出蓝色的荧光信号, 从而实现了对水合肼和亚硫酸氢盐的差异性定性与定量检测.