新型表面活性剂的合成与表征综合实验设计

将专业综合实验与科研成果相结合,设计了新型表面活性剂的合成与表征综合化学实验。实验涉及含羟基基团的表面活性剂的合成、纯化、结构表征和性能测定等操作。该综合实验将有机化学基础知识、表面活性剂的基本性质与前沿科学研究相结合,从而实现学生实验技能的提升、认知视野的拓展和综合能力培养的目标。     

静电纺丝法制备柔性SERS基底及性能研究

利用静电纺丝技术制备了聚乙烯醇(PVA)/银纳米粒子高活性SERS柔性基底.将硝酸银、聚乙烯醇按照一定比例混合配置纺丝溶液,纺丝成膜后采用紫外光照射还原法得到纳米纤维基底.采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM),透射电子显微镜(TEM),傅立叶红外光谱(FT-IR),拉曼光谱(Raman),紫外可见光谱(UV-Vis)等技术,对合成的纳米纤维基底进行表征.研究表明,银纳米颗粒呈球形分布在复合纤维中,粒径小于10 nm.以罗丹明为探针分子,硝酸银含量16 wt;,紫外光照射3 h制备的基底具备最优的SERS性能.同时将此基底应用于烟酸药品检测,拉曼检测极限可达10-5 mol·L-1.     

Na2SO4 + NaCl molten salts corrosion mechanism of thermal barrier coatings used in ships

6–8 mass% Y₂O₃ stabilized ZrO₂ (6–8YSZ) thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) are widely applied to protect the hot ends of gas turbines in large navy ships. In this work, the 8YSZ TBCs were prepared by air plasma spraying technique, and their microstructure and phase composition were investigated. The hot corrosion mechanism of YSZ TBCs in molten salts consisting of 80% Na₂SO₄?+?20% NaCl at 900 °C was comprehensively analyzed. The results showed that the corrosion product Y₂(SO₄)₃ was formed due to the reaction between Na₂SO₄ media and the stabilizer Y₂O₃. As the result of the depletion of Y₂O₃ phase, the transformation from the tetragonal phase to monoclinic phase of ZrO₂ could not been totally inhibited, which consequently induced the 4–6 vol.% expansion and more cracks of YSZ TBCs. Meanwhile, the cracks could work as transfer paths for oxygen and molten salts. The kinetic analysis on hot corrosion also showed that more reaction products (from 2 to 8.1 mg cm^?1) were generated from 20 to 60 h due to more cracks generated by molten salts and oxygen infiltrating. More thermal grown oxides generated between ceramic layer, bonding layer and substrate, and the volume expansion caused by phase transition, increased the stresses in the coatings. Consequently, the peeling-off failure of 8YSZ TBCs could happen.

     

具有N-各向异性拉普拉斯算子的超线性问题的先验界

通过改进Brezis和Merle的方法,结合Moser-Trudinger不等式,移动平面方法及比较原理,得到了方程-Q_Nu=f(u),u∈W_0~(1,N)(Ω)的正解的先验界,其中Ω是R~N中的一个有界光滑区域,非线性项f至多具有指数型增长.     

Front Cover: Synthesis,Characterization, and Cytotoxicity of a Reactive Platinum(IV) Monotrifluoromethyl Complex (Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 3/2023)

Platinum-based complexes are among the most widely utilized cancer therapeutics. Current Pt(II) drugs face some challenges including toxicity and drug resistance. To solve these issues, great efforts have been devoted to developing nonclassical platinum complexes, such as Pt(IV) prodrugs, that act via mechanisms distinct from those of the approved drugs. Compared with active Pt(II) counterparts, Pt(IV) complexes are relatively inert. Although direct interactions between Pt(IV) complexes and nucleotides have been reported, the reaction is slow due to the kinetic inertness of Pt(IV) complexes. Herein, we design and synthesize a Pt(IV) monotrifluoromethyl complex, in which the chloride ligand that is trans to trifluoromethyl ligand is reactive. The Pt(IV) monotrifluoromethyl complex is very stable in water but displays high reactivity towards various substrates including buffer components and 5’-dGMP. The study of reaction mechanism reveals that this Pt(IV) complex reacts with phosphate via S_N2 nucleophilic substitution pathway, which is different from Pt(II) drugs. The Pt(IV) monotrifluoromethyl complex is cytotoxic in human ovarian cancer cells. Our work reports an example of a reactive organometallic Pt(IV) complex that can directly interact with nucleophiles and implies its potential as an anticancer agent.     

Fe2BiTaO7纳米催化剂的组织结构及光催化性能

用固相反应合成法合成了光催化剂Fe2BiTaO7,通过XRD、SEM、TEM、紫外-可见漫反射等表征方法对其组织结构及光催化性能进行了研究。结果表明Fe2BiTaO7为立方晶系烧绿石结构,空间群为Fd3m,禁带宽度为1.72 e V。通过比较Fe2BiTaO7、P25TiO2、掺氮Ti O2和Bi2In Ta O7的可见光光催化降解罗丹明B,发现Fe2BiTaO7降解效果及催化活性均高于其它催化剂,并且Fe2BiTaO7降解罗丹明B效率是掺氮二氧化钛的1.5倍。Fe2BiTaO7降解罗丹明B的曲线符合一级动力学,一级动力学常数为0.022 93 min-1。研究了罗丹明B可能的降解路径和Fe2BiTaO7在可见光下降解苯酚的效果。Fe2BiTaO7(可见光)光催化剂系统适用于纺织工业废水处理。     

Transverse profile expansion and homogenization at target for the injector Scheme-I test stand of China-ADS

For the injector Scheme- test stand of the China-ADS(Accelerator Driven subcritical System), a beam with the maximum power of 100 k W will be produced and transported to the beam dump. To solve the very high thermal load problem at the dump, two measures are taken to deal with the huge power density at the target.One is to enlarge the contact area between the beam and the target, and this is to be accomplished by expanding the beam profile at the target and using slanted target plates. The other is to produce a more homogenous beam profile at the target to minimize the maximum power density. Here the beam dump line is designed to meet the requirement of beam expansion and homogenization at 3 different energies(3.2 Me V, 5 Me V and 10 Me V), and the step-like field magnets are employed for the beam spot homogenization. Taking into account the fact that the space charge effects are very strong at such low beam energies, the simulations have included space charge effects and errors which show that the beam line can meet the requirements very well. In the meantime, the alternative beam design using standard multipole magnets is also presented.     

功能铁磁材料的变形与断裂的研究进展

综述了近几十年, 特别是近十几年来铁磁材料的力磁耦合变形与断裂行为的研究概况. 传统铁磁弹性问题的研究已经有较长时间的积累, 文献中已有大量的研究结果发表. 近些年 来, 随着智能材料及结构应用与研究的兴起, 功能铁磁材料如稀土超磁致伸缩材料、铁磁相 变材料以及铁磁复合材料等的力学行为越来越受到重视, 人们在功能铁磁材料的变形与断裂 以及铁磁复合材料的有效性质等方面开展了大量的研究工作. 本文在简单介绍了经典铁磁弹 性和传统铁磁结构的力磁性能的研究背景基础上, 结合作者近年来在铁磁材料变形与断裂方 面所开展的工作, 着重评述了功能软铁磁材料在变形与断裂的实验研究,如实验设备和技术, 以及铁磁复合材料细观力学、软铁磁材料、铁磁功能材料的变形与断裂理论等方面的研究进 展, 并指出了需要进一步研究的方向.     

Effects of imperfect experimental conditions on stress waves in SHPB experiments

Experimental and numerical simulations were undertaken to estimate the effects of imperfect conditions on stress waves in split Hopkinson pressure bar(SHPB)experiments. The photonic Doppler velocimetry(PDV) measurement results show that the rise and fall times of an incident wave increases with an increasing inclination angle;also, the fluctuations of the incident wave disappear gradually with the increase of inclination angle. The following characteristics for various defects in the SHPB were obtained by numerical simulation:(1) the influence of a curved bar was negligible;(2) misalignment modestly affects the fluctuation characteristics, and bending waves were generated at this condition;(3) inclination and indentation of the impact endsurface had a great impact on the incident waves, and both of them increase the rise time of the incident wave by increasing the degree of defects. In view of the results, misalignment,inclination, and indentation in SHPB experiments should be minimized.     

Nanoporous gold thin films synthesised via de-alloying of Au-based nanoglass for highly active SERS substrates

Nanoporous gold thin films have been fabricated through chemical de-alloying of Au-based nanoglass with a nanocolumnar structure, with composition Au₄₀Cu₂₈Ag₇Pd₅Si₂₀ (at.%), that had previously been deposited by magnetron sputtering. By varying the de-alloying conditions, gold ligaments ranging from 20 to 100?nm were obtained. The microstructure and chemical composition of the as-prepared films were characterised by various techniques. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) of thin films was investigated using rhodamine 6G. The results indicate that the main microstructural features with interconnected ligaments and defects of nanoporous gold result in significant SERS enhancement.