Simple chemical route for nanorod-like cobalt oxide films for electrochemical energy storage applications

We used a simple chemical synthesis route to deposit nanorod-like cobalt oxide thin films on different substrates such as stainless steel (ss), indium tin oxide (ITO), and microscopic glass slides. The morphology of the films show that the films were uniformly spread having a nanorod-like structure with the length of the nanorods shortened on ss substrates. The electrochemical properties of the films deposited at different time intervals were studied using cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge–discharge (GCD), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The film deposited after 20 cycles on ss gave the highest specific capacity of 67.6 mAh g^?1 and volumetric capacity of 123 mAh cm^?3 at a scan rate 5 mV s^?1 in comparison to 62.0 mAh g^?1 and 113 mAh cm^?3 obtained, respectively, for its counterpart on ITO. The film electrode deposited after 20 cycles on ITO gave the best rate capability and excellent cyclability with no depreciation after 2000 charge–discharge cycles.     

A Light‐up Logic Platform for Selective Recognition of Parallel G‐Quadruplex Structures via Disaggregation‐Induced Emission

The design of turn‐on dyes with optical signals sensitive to the formation of supramolecular structures provides fascinating and underexplored opportunities for G‐quadruplex (G4) DNA detection and characterization. Here, we show a new switching mechanism that relies on the recognition‐driven disaggregation (on‐signal) of an ultrabright coumarin‐quinazoline conjugate. The synthesized probe selectively lights‐up parallel G4 DNA structures via the disassembly of its supramolecular state, demonstrating outputs that are easily integrable into a label‐free molecular logic system. Finally, our molecule preferentially stains the G4‐rich nucleoli of cancer cells.     

Color Conversion Method for Multiprimary Display Using Matrix Switching

The range of reproducible color, i.e., color gamut, of conventional three-primary display devices is sometimes insufficient for reproducing the natural color of an object through color imaging systems. A multiprimary display is being developed for the purpose of reproducing an expanded color gamut using more than three primary colors. In this paper, a color conversion method is proposed to reproduce the natural color by additive mixture of multiprimary colors. The multiprimary color signal in this conversion method is calculated from the three-dimensional color coordinates CIE-XYZ, considering the dynamic range of each primary color. Divided into some linear elements from the polyhedral color solid of the multiprimary display, the conversion considering the constraint of the dynamic range can be performed by simple calculation without iterative calculation or a huge three-dimensional look up table. A fast computation method with a two-dimensional look-up-table is also presented. Using the proposed method, the result of the color reproduction is experimentally demonstrated by a six-primary projection display.     

Two-Dimensional Cellular Automata for Pseudo-Random Pattern Generators and for Highly Secure Stream Ciphers

Pseudo-random properties of a class of two-dimensional (2-D) 5-neighborhood cellular automata (CA), built around nonlinear (OR, AND) and linear (XOR) Boolean functions are studied. The site values at each step of the 2-D CA evolution are taken in parallel and form pseudo-random sequences, which satisfy the criteria established for pseudo random number generator (PRNG): long period, excellent random qualities, single bit error propagation (avalanche criteria), easy and fast generation of the random bits. A block-scheme for secure Stream Cipher based on 2-D CA is proposed. The 2-D CA based PRNG algorithm has simple structure, use space-invariant and local interconnections and can be easily realized in very large scale integration or parallel optoelectronic architectures.     

Correction for Shift-variant Characteristics of Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography Acquisition System Using Sensitivity Functions

The single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging system has shift-variant characteristics due to non-uniform attenuation of gamma-ray, collimator design, scattered photons, etc. In order to provide quantitatively accurate SPECT images, these characteristics should be compensated in the reconstruction. This paper presents a new method to correct the shift-variant characteristics, which is based on a continuous-discrete mapping model and filtered backprojection (FBP) method, in which the projection data are assumed to be acquired by narrow ray sum beams in the FBP method and the assumed data set is expressed as a linear combination of the actual projection data. Narrow ray sum beams are approximated by a weighted sum of the original sensitivity functions. Thus, at the reconstruction the projection data are first modified using an approximation and the FBP method is then applied to the corrected projection data and a SPECT image is reconstructed. We further propose a technique that requires the inversion of smaller matrices than the conventional algebraic method; the amount of calculation and memory space become smaller and the stability of the calculation is greatly improved as well. The results of the numerical simulations are also demonstrated.     

Endoscopic Observation of Tissue by Narrowband Illumination

We propose a new illumination method for a medical endoscope: narrow band imaging (NBI), in which the spectral bandwidth of the filtered light is narrowed. To confirm how the spectral specifications of the filtered light influence a reproduced image, an experiment was conducted observing the endoscopic images of the back mucosa of a human tongue. In addition, the effect of NBI on endoscopic images was investigated through preliminary clinical tests in colonoscopy and upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. It has been shown that NBI can enhance the capillary pattern and the crypt pattern on the mucosa. These patterns are useful features for diagnosing an early cancer.     

Analysis of Spectral Reflectance Using Normalization Method from Endoscopic Spectroscopy System

Objective assessment of gastrointestinal mucosal color is extremely important in the endoscopic diagnosis of digestive tract disease. In this paper, we propose a method to clarify the spectral characteristics of gastric and colon cancer. A large number of spectral reflectance data of mucous membrane are measured by the endoscopic spectroscopy system (ESS) in the National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan and the Department of Internal Medicine, Self-Defense Force Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan. We assume that early cancer appears primarily in the spectral data of short wavelength, because it is usually present in a superficial cell where short wavelength light is scattered more strongly than long wavelength light. To identify the features in the short wavelength components, the spectral reflectance was divided by the reflectance of a long wavelength. We investigated the possibility of distinguishing early cancer from normal spectral data through statistical analysis, employing the projection axis as the mean difference between them. Early cancer and normal spectral data were projected on the projection axis, and the Student’s T-test was applied to evaluate the mean of the distribution between these data.     

Diphenylprolinol Silyl Ether as a Catalyst in an Enantioselective,Catalytic Michael Reaction for the Formation of α,α‐Disubstituted α‐Amino Acid Derivatives

Direct and enantioselective : Diphenylprolinol silyl ether was found to catalyze the direct, asymmetric Michael reaction of 4‐substituted 2‐aryl‐2‐oxazoline‐5‐one and α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes, affording the chiral α,α‐disubstituted α‐amino acid derivatives with excellent enantioselectivity.

     

Laser-induced fluorescence of cyclohexadienyl (c-C6H7) radical in the gas phase

A laser-induced fluorescence spectrum was observed in the 500-560 nm region when a mixture of 1,4-cyclohexadiene and oxalyl chloride was photolyzed at 193 nm. The observed excitation spectrum was assigned to the A (2)A(2)<--X (2)B(1) transition of the cyclohexadienyl radical c-C6H7, produced by abstraction of a hydrogen atom from 1,4-cyclohexadiene by Cl atoms. The origin of the A<--X transition of c-C(6)H(7) was at 18 207 cm(-1). From measurements of the dispersed fluorescence spectra and ab initio calculations, the frequencies of several vibrational modes in both the ground and excited states of c-C(6)H(7) were determined: nu(5)(C-H in-plane bend)=1571, nu(8)(C-H in-plane bend)=1174, nu(10)(C-C-C in-plane bend)=981, nu(12)(C-C-C in-plane bend)=559, nu(16)(C-C-C out-of-plane bend)=375, and nu(33)(C-C-C in-plane bend)=600 cm(-1) for the ground state and nu(8)=1118, nu(10)=967, nu(12)=502, nu(16)=172, and nu(33)=536 cm(-1) for the excited states.