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排序方式: 共有249条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
2.
Rheology of oil-in-water emulsions 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
The effect of interfacial tension on the steady-flow and dynamic viscoelastic behavior of emulsions are studied experimentally. At very low inter-facial tensions and low volume fractions, the viscosity decreases with increasing shear rate and becomes constant at high shear rates. The high-shear-rate Newtonian viscosity is not affected by interfacial tension, but the transition from pseudoplastic to Newtonian flow shifts to lower shear rates as the interfacial tension decreases. At an interfacial tension of 5 × 10–3 Nm–1, the viscosity decreases, passes through a minimum, and then increases as the shear rate is increased. The dilatant behavior may be attributed to elastic responses of interfaces during collision of drops. At high volume fractions, the emulsions show remarkable elasticity resulting from the interfacial energy associated with deformation of liquid films. The modulus and viscosity are proportional to interfacial tension and inversely proportional to drop size. 相似文献
3.
Yoshio Aso Shoji Nishiguchi Tetsuya Jigami Tetsuo Otsubo Fumio Ogura 《Phosphorus, sulfur, and silicon and the related elements》2013,188(1):417-418
Several well-defined 3,4-thienylene-ethynylene oligomers with different chain lengths have been synthesized and characterized. X-Ray crystallographic analyses proved their unique, totally helical conformations. 相似文献
4.
Masahisa Wada Yoshiharu Nishiyama Giovanni Bellesia Trevor Forsyth S. Gnanakaran Paul Langan 《Cellulose (London, England)》2011,18(2):191-206
The hydrogen bond arrangement in a complex of cellulose with ammonia has been studied using neutron crystallography in combination
with molecular dynamics simulations. The O6 atom of the hydroxymethyl group is donor in a highly occupied hydrogen bond to
an ammonia molecule. This rotating ammonia molecule is donor in partially occupied and transient hydrogen bonds to the O2,
O3 and O6 atoms of the hydroxyl groups of other chains. The hydrogen atom bound to the O3 atom is disordered but it is almost
always involved in some type of hydrogen bonding. It is donated in a hydrogen bond most of the time to the O5 atom on the
same chain. However, it also rotates away from this O5 atom to be donated to an ammonia molecule part of the time. On the
other hand the hydrogen atom bound to the O2 atom is free from hydrogen bonding most of the time. It is donated in a hydrogen
bond to the O6 atom on a neighboring chain only with a relatively small probability. These results provide new insights into
how hydrogen bonds are rearranged during the conversion of cellulose I to cellulose IIII by ammonia treatment. 相似文献
5.
Noriyuki Otsubo 《Journal of Number Theory》2011,131(4):648-660
We compare two calculations due to Bloch and the author of the regulator of an elliptic curve with complex multiplication which is a quotient of a Fermat curve, and express the special value of its L-function at s=0 in terms of special values of generalized hypergeometric functions. 相似文献
6.
Yu Ogawa Hitomi Hidaka Satoshi Kimura Ung-Jin Kim Shigenori Kuga Masahisa Wada 《Cellulose (London, England)》2014,21(2):999-1006
We investigated the crystal structure of alkali-celluloses, Na-cellulose IIA and II(Cu), formerly known as Na-cellulose IIB, by synchrotron X-ray diffraction. Na-cellulose IIA, formed from cellulose I by high-concentration NaOH treatment, has a fiber repeat of 15 Å and a threefold-like helical conformation. Na-cellulose II(Cu), prepared by treating cellulose I with copper-saturated alkali solution, also has a fiber repeat of 15 Å with threefold helical symmetry. Incorporation of Cu(II) ions into cellulose was confirmed by multiwavelength anomalous diffraction. Monitoring by X-ray diffraction revealed that the formation of this complex from cellulose I is remarkably slow, probably because of the involvement of copper ion. The stability of alkali-cellulose II(Cu) was tested to estimate the influence of the presence of copper in the crystal. Na-cellulose II(Cu) characteristically dissolved in aqueous ammonia solution, indicating strong coordination of copper ion to cellulose. 相似文献
7.
We extend Geiger’s size-biased tree method to the multitype case to give another proof of Zubkov’s result that the asymptotic relative generation distribution of the closest common ancestor of the multitype Galton–Watson branching process conditioned on non-extinction is uniform. 相似文献
8.
Masahisa Wada Laurent Heux Yoshiharu Nishiyama Paul Langan 《Cellulose (London, England)》2009,16(6):943-957
X-ray crystallographic and cross-polarization/magic angle spinning 13C nuclear magnetic resonance techniques have been used to study an ethylenediamine (EDA)-cellulose I complex, a transient structure in the cellulose I to cellulose IIII conversion. The crystal structure (space group P2 1 ; a = 4.546 Å, b = 11.330 Å, c = 10.368 Å and γ = 94.017°) corresponds to a one-chain unit cell with one glucosyl residue in the asymmetric unit, a gt conformation for the hydroxymethyl group, and one EDA molecule per glucosyl residue. Unusually, there are no O–H···O hydrogen bonds between the cellulose chains; the chains are arranged in hydrophobic stacks, stabilized by hydrogen bonds to the amine groups of bridging EDA molecules. This new structure is an example of a complex in which the cellulose chains are isolated from each other, and provides a number of insights into the structural pathway followed during the conversion of cellulose I to cellulose IIII through EDA treatment. 相似文献
9.
We present the validity of in-line-type differential push-pull methods using segmented gratings with respect to arrangement
errors by numerical calculation for the first time. In these differential push-pull methods, the segmented gratings for generating
subspots are divided into more than two regions, each with a specific width and a specific phase value, and are ideally arranged
on the optical axis. We calculate tracking error signals in these methods with respect to the arrangement errors against the
optical axis under parameter conditions of the widths of the segmented regions of the gratings. The obtained results show
that the grating with a simpler configuration with two regions reveals good compatibility between DVD-recordable (DVD-R) and
DVD-random access memory (DVD-RAM) compared with those with three or four regions, when the arrangement error is less than
10% of the radius of the incident laser beam. 相似文献
10.
Synthesis of medium-sized carbocyclic ketones via the intramolecular B-alkyl Liebeskind-Srogl coupling reaction is described. The sequence of hydroboration of ω-alkenyl thiol ester with 9-BBN and the Liebeskind-Srogl reaction results in the formation of medium-sized carbocyclic ketones with good yield. 相似文献