分光光度法研究铝制品对水样溶出铝含量的影响

采用分光光度法,在pH为3-4的酸度条件下,以二甲酚橙为显色剂,快速检测水样中微量铝的含量.研究了不同情况下不同铝制品对水样溶出铝含量的影响.结果表明:水样在铝制品中放置时间越长,从铝制品中溶解出的铝越多,而且薄的铝制品中溶出的铝要比铝合金锅中溶出的多;当在水中加入一定量的食盐后,由铝制品中溶解出的铝含量明显增多.本方法简便快速,灵敏度高,对样品测定的结果令人满意.     

美国《科学教师培养标准(2020年版)》述评*

美国《科学教师培养标准(2020年版)》针对《新一代科学教育标准》的推行而修订,立足于科学教育最新研究成果,尤其突出学科内容知识的重要性,补充对科学本质和科学文化的要求,强化对工程和技术、交叉概念、学科观念的理解,突出学习进阶规律在科学教师培养中的应用。此外,在学科教学法、学习环境、安全、对学生学习的影响等维度做出相应的改动。该标准启示我国:借鉴国际改革趋势出台中国特色的科学教师培养标准,但科学教师培养也要本土化;学科内容知识对科学教师专业发展非常重要;科学教师的培养应立足于学习进阶的规律;职前科学教师培养需要注重学习环境建设。     

BaCe_(0.8-x)Nb_xGd_(0.2)O_(3-δ)(0≤x≤0.45)的制备及性能研究

采用高温固相反应法制备了质子导体BaCe0.8-xNbxGd0.2O3-δ(0≤x≤0.45)。结合XRD、SEM、EIS等技术对其物相、微观形貌、稳定性及电导率进行了研究。结果表明,在1600℃烧结5h制备的质子导体BaCe0.8-xNbxGd0.2O3-δ(0≤x≤0.45)均能保持主相为斜方晶的钙钛矿结构。Nb的加入可明显提高烧结样品的致密性及在CO2和水蒸气气氛下的稳定性。在湿润H2/Ar(0.4%,V/V)气氛中800℃下,x=0.1样品的电导率为5.73mS·cm-1,电导活化能为0.35eV,与x=0的样品相当。     

Ultrasonication-assisted spray ionization mass spectrometry for the analysis of biomolecules in solution

In this paper, we describe a novel technique—ultrasonication-assisted spray ionization (UASI)—for the generation of singly charged and multiply charged gas-phase ions of biomolecules (e.g., amino acids, peptides, and proteins) from solution; this method employs a low-frequency ultrasonicator (ca. 40 kHz) in place of the high electric field required for electrospray ionization. When a capillary inlet is immersed into a sample solution within a vial subjected to ultrasonication, the solution is continually directed to the capillary outlet as a result of ultrasonication-assisted capillary action; an ultrasonic spray of the sample solution is emitted at the outlet of the tapered capillary, leading to the ready generation of gas-phase ions. Using an ion trap mass spectrometer, we found that singly charged amino acid and multiply charged peptides/proteins ions were generated through this single-step operation, which is both straightforward and extremely simple to perform. The setup is uncomplicated: only a low-frequency ultrasonicator and a tapered capillary are required to perform UASI. The mass spectra of the multiply charged peptides and proteins obtained from sample solutions subjected to UASI resemble those observed in ESI mass spectra.     

高效液相色谱法和硫氰酸钾滴定法检测煤中氯的比较研究

比较了测定煤中氯的高效液相色谱(HPLC)法和硫氰酸钾滴定法。以密闭氧弹燃烧或艾氏卡剂熔融分解样品，分别以高效液相色谱法和硫氰酸钾滴定法测定煤中氯，通过对国家标准物质GBW11118、GBW11119、GBW11120分析结果的比较及t检验，表明两方法无显著性差异。     

部分相干光束经过湍流大气传输研究进展

相较于相干光束,部分相干光束经过湍流大气传输能够有效地抑制湍流引起的光束展宽、光斑漂移及光强闪烁等扰动效应,在自由空间光通信、激光雷达和激光遥感等方面有重要的应用前景.近年来,部分相干光束湍流大气传输研究受到越来越多学者的关注.本文回顾了部分相干光束在湍流大气中传输特性研究的发展历程、理论基础及常用的理论方法,介绍了处理光束经过湍流大气传输的相位屏数值模拟方法,以及如何把该方法运用到处理部分相干光束传输.     

A boron-lined proportional counter (BLPC) used in a mixed field of reactors

A boron-lined proportional counter (BLPC) with a count rate limit close to the multi-wire proportional counter was manufactured to measure the mixed field around reactors. After measurement with a standard Am-Be neutron source (activity: 100 mCi), the results show that the operating voltage of the BLPC is 800 V, the plateau length is 100 V and the slope is 13.2%/100 V. The width and rise time of the output pulse of the BLPC are 1.26 μs and 370 ns, respectively. When the BLPC works at a count rate of 1.0×10⁵ count/s, the pulse pile-up probability of the BLPC is 3.6%. A clear peak can be seen in the pulse height spectrum of the BLPC. and the performances illustrate that a BLPC working in pulse mode can serve as a source range detector of reactors.     

亲水性材料固相萃取-紫外导数光谱法检测血中茚满二酮类抗凝血杀鼠剂

本文报导了血中茚满二酮类抗凝血杀鼠剂敌鼠、氯敌鼠、杀鼠酮的亲水性材料固相萃取-紫外导数光谱检测法.血样用pH5缓冲液等体积稀释后加于西雷脱硅藻土柱上,柱用乙酸乙酯洗脱,将洗脱液挥发干净,剩余物用pH10缓冲液溶解,测定所得溶液的二阶导数光谱进行定性和定量分析.三种杀鼠剂以10mg/L的量加于空白血中测得萃取率为85%以上,血中三种杀鼠剂的检出限低于2mg/L.萃取中亲水性硅藻土可用硅胶和氧化铝代替,结果相似.