Preparation of a 99mTc-labeled graft polymer and its in vitro and in vivo evaluation

Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry - The aim of this study is the synthesis of a novel 99mTc-labeld graft polymer and the biological evaluation of its in vitro and in vivo properties....     

Synthesis,characterization and biodistribution of 99mTc-Bioquin-HMPAO (99mTc-BH) as a novel brain imaging agent

Recently, the development of novel brain imaging agents has aroused much interest thanks to limited number of brain cancer or diseases diagnosis agents. It is aimed to synthesize a novel brain imaging agent including a promise for further studies on AD diagnosis potential and investigate its bioaffinity with biodistribution studies on healthy Balb/c mice. A novel radiolabeled agent was synthesized and characterized. Quality control of ^99mTc-BH was performed utilizing solvent extraction and chromatographic (Radio TLC and Radio HPLC) methods. Bioaffinity of the ^99mTc-BH was investigated on male Balb/c mice at various time points (5, 30, 60, 120 min post-injection). Paper electrophoresis showed that ^99mTc-BH has a neutral structure. Radiochemical purity of ^99mTc-BH was over 95 % with appropriate stability for imaging period. Selected brain regions have uptakes over 4 % ID/g following intravenous injection. Hippocampus has uptake approximately 10 % ID/g. ^99mTc-BH has shown brain uptake, so it may prove to be valuable for brain imaging as a novel technetium-labeled agent. Further investigations with AD animal model are our on going effort to show that this agent has AD diagnosis potential.     

Interaction between green tea extract and 99mTc-pertechnetate on in vivo distribution

People drink various types of tea without knowing the side effects of biological and chemical contents and radiopharmaceutical interactions. In current study, it is aimed to evaluate the effects of green tea extract in different extraction solvents on the radiolabeling of the blood constituents with ^99mTc and on the biodistribution of radiopharmaceutical sodium pertechnetate (Na^99mTcO₄) in male Wistar Albino rats. The extraction of green tea was performed in different solvents. Biodistribution studies were performed on male rats which were treated via gavage with green tea extract in different extraction solvents or saline (0.9 % NaCl) as a control group for 7 days. The radiolabeling of blood constituents performed incubating with SnCl₂ and ^99mTc. According to experimental results, radiolabeling blood components with ^99mTc were not modified in the usage of the different extraction solvents for green tea extraction, but a significant alteration (P < 0.05) of biodistribution of Na^99mTcO₄ was observed after treatment with green tea extract in distilled water. Although there is no considerable effect on radiolabeling of blood components, there is an outstanding change on the biodistribution studies especially with green tea extract in distilled water. The identified change monitored in this study may cause to reduce the risk of misdiagnosis and/or avoid the repetition of the examinations in nuclear medicine.     

Regional Differences in Rice Hulls Supply for Bioethanol Production

Agricultural by-products are becoming an attractive substrate for bioethanol production. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of regional differences in the rice hulls using Escherichia coli KO11 for bioethanol production. The rice hulls coded Edirne were obtained from Thrace Region, and the rice hulls coded Izmir were obtained from Aegean Region in Turkey. Rice hulls were treated by dilute acid before using them as substrates. The cells were incubated on an orbital shaker at 160 rpm under 30 °C during 96 h of the fermentation period. It was found that the maximum yield of ethanol from sugar (0.44 g ethanol/g reducing sugar) was obtained with the substrate C/N ratio of 29.16 in Izmir medium. The main difference was the dominant carbon source available as a substrate. It was detected that glucose concentration was about 2.5 times higher in Izmir medium, whereas xylose concentration was about two times higher in Edirne medium. The different results obtained with rice hulls from different origins could depend on the type of paddy as well as different cultivation conditions. These findings provide a valuable indicator for identifying suitable agricultural waste materials to be used as substrates for bioethanol production.     

The influence of stereoisomerism on the biological behavior of 99mTc labeled penicillamine

The aim of this study is to investigate stereoisomeric behavior of penicillamine and the effect of temperature on labeling. In addition, it was explored how stereoisomerism affected biological behavior of them. In the present work, D- and L-enantiomers of penicillamine(D-PA, L-PA) were labeled with ^99mTc using SnCl₂ as reducing agent and their radiopharmaceutical potentials were investigated. Quality control procedures were carried out using thin layer radiochromatography (TLRC), electrophoresis and high performance liquid radiochromatography (HPLRC). HPRLC chromatograms showed two peaks for ^99mTc-D-PA, while a single peak was observed for ^99mTc-L-PA at room temperature. However, the single peak was observed at 90 °C for both isomers. Labeling yields of each isomer were found to be over 98%. Biological activity of these complexes was determined on male Albino Wistar rats by biodistribution studies. While the biodistribution result of ^99mTc-D-PA showed high uptake in the liver, maximum uptake of ^99mTc-L-PA was observed in the kidneys. Both two complexes were cleared rapidly from the blood, mainly by the renal system. Since the activity concentration of ^99mTc-D-PA at the 30th minute in the kidneys and the liver reached a maximum value and at the 120th minute, it was removed by renal and hepatobiliary excretion. As a result, it can be concluded that stereoisomerism affect not only the chemical behavior, but also differs their biological behavior of these compounds.     

Degenerate Hermitian Manifolds

The geometry of almost complex manifolds with degenerate indefinite Hermitian metrics is studied.     

Investigation of new bifunctional agents: D-Penicillamine

Somatostatin inhibits the release of growth hormone (somatotropin) from the Anterior Pituitary. The main use of derivatives of somatostatin is to diagnose growth hormone problems and to use against some forms of cancer which involve growth hormone. Also somatostatin suppresses gastric acid secretion, gallbladder contractions, and pancreatic enzyme secretion. The aim of the current study is to investigate new bifunctional agents for labeling with ^99mTc. Therefore D-Penicillamine was used as a bifunctional agent and compared to DTPA in the labeling with ^99mTc. Quality controls were established using thin layer radio chromatography (TLRC) and electrophoresis techniques. In addition, high performance liquid radio chromatography (HPLRC) was also performed for elimination of possible uncertainties. The radiolabeled complexes maintained their stabilities throughout the study. The results obtained showed that ^99mTc-D-Penicillamine-somatostatin is a promising potential radiopharm aceutical and an alternative of ^99mTc-DTPA-somatostatin for in vivo and in vitro applications.     

Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle (SPION) mediated in vitro radiosensitization at megavoltage radiation energies

The purpose of this study was to assess SPION’s in vitro radiosensitizer effect at 6MV-energies and to calculate nanoparticle enhancement ratio (NER) of SPIONs. Citrate coated-SPION’s were synthesized. Trypan-blue, metabolic activity tests were performed. Cell cultures were irradiated at 0,2,4,6,8 Gy at 6MV-energy. Clonogenic survival assays, NER calculations were carried out. SPIONs were biocompatible. NERs were cell-line specific and dose dependent. The highest radiosensitization were seen in radiosensitive MCF-7 and MDAH-2447 cells at 2 Gy (NER:1.49 and 1.39 respectively), in relatively radioresistant MDA-MB-231 cells at 4 Gy (NER:1.20). By increasing doses radiosensitizer effect disappeared. There is possibility that by synergistic effect, SPIONs may cause dose-dependent and cell-line specific radiosensitization at 6MV.     

An optimization method for designing SENSE imaging RF coil arrays

An optimization method in RF coil array design for SENSE imaging is described. Using this method the optimized RF coil geometries can be calculated numerically given the required SENSE imaging performance. Although this method can be applied to optimize the RF coil arrays for both 1D and 2D SENSE imaging, to demonstrate the potential applications of this method, we designed RF coil arrays for 2D SENSE imaging and compared their performance by simulation. An optimized 4-channel receive-only RF coil array designed for 2D SENSE imaging was implemented and tested to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed technique. Imaging results showed reasonable agreement with the simulations, thus the method can be applied to RF coil array designs for SENSE imaging when optimum imaging performance is desired.     

Time-Domain Mapping of Electromagnetic Ray Movement Inside Anisotropic Spherical Resonator

This paper presents the analytical proof of Time-Domain Mapping Method for the spherical resonator made up of uniaxial crystal. In this way, the main types of caustics inside the spherical resonator made up of uniaxial crystal, which were investigated numerically before, are confirmed analytically. It is engraved that the problem of the ray flow inside the spherical resonator can be reduced to the problem of the ray flow inside metal cavity shaped as spheroid.