基于多层结构设计的高储能密度氧化石墨烯/聚酰亚胺复合材料

采用逐层涂布、 分层控制固化程度的方法, 利用聚酰胺酸(PAA, 聚酰亚胺前体)溶液和含有氧化石墨烯（GO）的PAA溶液制备了一系列由高绝缘性PI层与GO@PI介电层交替组合而成的界面清晰且紧密衔接的多层复合薄膜. 通过调控介电层中GO含量及分层结构, 使多层复合薄膜兼具高介电常数和高击穿强度特征. 结果表明, 三层复合薄膜PI/1.0GO@PI/PI的击穿强度为261.5 kV/mm, 储能密度达到1.27 J/cm³, 与相同介电层厚度的单层薄膜相比, 击穿强度和储能密度分别提高了97%和144%, 同时, 其介电损耗也保持在较低水平(tanδ=0.0079). 绝缘层和高介电常数层的协同作用提升了氧化石墨烯/聚酰亚胺复合薄膜的储能密度. 这种简单的多层结构设计有利于氧化石墨烯/聚合物复合材料在介质储能领域的应用.     

原位组装在碳纸上的有机金属骨架材料衍生的NC/Co/CoP催化剂用于碱性环境水分解（英文）

随着世界工业经济的发展,作为不可再生能源的化石燃料消耗日趋增大并带来严重的环境污染.氢能具有能量密度高、燃烧无污染等优点,被认为是替换传统化石燃料的理想能源之一.通过电化学方法实现水裂解制氢是既满足环境要求又符合氢气生产需要的一种潜在有效方法,受到人们广泛关注.基于铂、钌等贵金属的电催化剂在水裂解中具有很高的活性,然而其稀缺性和高成本是阻碍其大规模实际应用的重要因素.水裂解制氢包括二电子转移的质子还原和四电子转移的水氧化两个过程.相对于质子还原,水氧化反应动力学过程缓慢,是决定水裂解速率的关键.通常,质子还原反应倾向于在酸性条件下进行,而水氧化反应在碱性环境下更有利,反应条件的差异阻碍了水裂解制氢的发展.因此,制备在碱性环境下具有高催化性能、高稳定性和低成本的催化剂是促进水裂解制氢能源技术进一步发展的关键.金属有机骨架(MOF)衍生的复合催化剂具有良好的催化性能和广阔的应用前景,在催化反应中得到越来越多的重视.传统的催化剂组装方式是通过全氟磺酸聚合物等辅助剂将催化剂组装到工作电极上,这些辅助剂具有较强的酸性,而且会覆盖催化剂表面的催化活性位点,降低催化剂比表面积,阻碍催化剂活性的进一步提升.本文通过电泳的方法,将ZIF-67负载到碳纸上,进一步通过碳化、部分磷化过程得到NC/Co/Co P/CP催化电极.研究发现,在碱性环境(1 mol/LKOH)下,催化电流达到10 m A/cm^2的析氢过电位只有208 m V,析氧反应的过电位为350 m V,在二电极体系中所需的电压也只有1.72 V,催化活性明显高于通过传统方法组装的电极.在长时间的电化学稳定性测试中,经过20h的电流测试和1000次的CV测试后,该电极的催化活性没有明显下降.我们报道了一种基于MOF材料的复合电极组装新方法,为MOF材料在能源储存与转化领域应用提供了新思路.     

Rare-earth metal catalysts for alkene hydrosilylation

Rare-earth metal catalyzed hydrosilylation of alkenes has emerged as a powerful and selective strategy for the synthesis of organosilanes. This transformation can offer distinctive catalytic sequences and reaction patterns from other catalysts because of the high electropositivity and lack of oxidative-addition process of rare-earth metal. This review summarizes the rare-earth metal catalysts for hydrosilylation of alkene according to the type of ligands. The synthesis and structure of rare-earth metal catalysts,the substrate scope as well as some preliminary structure-activity relationship and mechanism are discussed.     

Investigation into dyeing acceleration efficiency of ultrasound energy

The acceleration efficiency of ultrasound was investigated by different application of ultrasound during dyeing process in an ultrasound cleaner. Actual energy dissipated into the dyeing bath was measured to ensure the formation of ultrasound cavatiation. The experimental findings showed ultrasound pretreatment could improve slightly the dye exhaustion and fixation, but failed to improve fastness of dyed fabrics. Obvious enhancement effects on dye exhaustion and fixation were achieved in continuous and intermittent ultrasound dyeing processes, and slight improvement effects on some fastness properties of fabrics dyed in ultrasound fields were observed. A comparison of the efficiencies in two ultrasound dyeing processes revealed the dyeing process in intermittent ultrasound field would benefit to making full use of ultrasound energy.     

Engineering the Stability of Nanozyme-Catalyzed Product for Colorimetric Logic Gate Operations

Recently, the design and development of nanozyme-based logic gates have received much attention. In this work, by engineering the stability of the nanozyme-catalyzed product, we demonstrated that the chromogenic system of 3, 3′, 5, 5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) can act as a visual output signal for constructing various Boolean logic operations. Specifically, cerium oxide or ferroferric oxide-based nanozymes can catalyze the oxidation of colorless TMB to a blue color product (oxTMB). The blue-colored solution of oxTMB could become colorless by some reductants, including the reduced transition state of glucose oxidase and xanthine oxidase. As a result, by combining biocatalytic reactions, the color change of oxTMB could be controlled logically. In our logic systems, glucose oxidase, β-galactosidase, and xanthine oxidase acted as inputs, and the state of oxTMB solution was used as an output. The logic operation produced a colored solution as the readout signal, which was easily distinguished with the naked eye. More importantly, the study of such a decolorization process allows the transformation of previously designed AND and OR logic gates into NAND and NOR gates. We propose that this work may push forward the design of novel nanozyme-based biological gates and help us further understand complex physiological pathways in living systems.