Surface morphology of electrolytic deposits of vanadium, cobalt, and manganese oxides

The surface morphology of V₂O₅, Co₂O₃, and MnO₂ electroplated under different electrolysis conditions was studied. The nature of the electrocrystallization of these materials was suggested on the basis of the analysis results.     

Electrodeposition of molybdenum oxide and its structural characteristics

The cathodic processes in electroplating of compact molybdenum oxide coatings onto supports made of 12Cr18Ni9Ti steel and aluminum are considered along with the physicochemical characteristics determining their service properties.     

Effect of modification of light-harvesting complex II on fluorescence properties of thylakoid membranes of Arabidopsis thaliana

The 77 K chlorophyll fluorescence spectra of Arabidopsis thaliana mutants deficient in lipid fatty acid desaturation have been used in order to further explore the influence of the modification of LHC II after mutation and proteolitic treatment on the energy transfer between the chlorophyll-protein complexes, as well as on the structure-function relationship in the supramolecular complex of Photosystem II. The gaussian decomposition and analysis of the fluorescence bands associated with PS II complex show the controversial action of the trypsin in the investigated thylakoid membranes. This reveals that the organization of PS II complexes is different in the wild type and both mutants indicating altered connection between the LHC II and the RC core complexes of PS II in both mutants. The results obtained demonstrate that different amounts of oligomer and monomer forms of LHC II in the mutants (LK3 and JB67), arising from lipid modification, are responsible for different proteolytic action in their thylakoid membranes.     

Electrolytic Co3O4 for thin-layer anodes of lithium-ion batteries

Electrolytic (e) cobalt oxide of a spinel structure, e-Co₃O₄, is obtained from the sulfate and nitrate (aqueous, water-alcohol) solutions containing Co²⁺ with the aim of using it in thin-layer anodes of lithium-ion batteries. The physicochemical and structural properties of the synthesized compounds are examined using thermal and x-ray diffraction analyses, absorption IR spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy. The electrochemical characteristics of e-Co₃O₄ are determined in breadboards of lithium power sources and in the lithiumion system LiCoO₂/e-Co₃O₄.     

Electrochemical Behavior of Partially-Discharged Li x V2O5 Electrodes upon Interruption of Current

A mathematical diffusion model, which takes into account the electrochemical behavior of partially-discharged thin-layer electrodes made of intercalation materials upon interruption of circuit, is put forward. The applicability of the model is tested by the example of Li _x V₂O₅ films. According to theoretical calculations and experimental data, the equilibrium potential of the films studied depends practically linearly on the degree of intercalation with a slope of –0.8 V for intercalation degrees of 0.3–0.7. The chemical diffusion coefficient of lithium in the films is equal to 1.5 × 10^–11 cm²/s and changes insignificantly at these intercalation degrees.     

Synthesis and Examination of Electrolytic Sodium–Vanadium Oxide Compounds Intended for Cathodes of Lithium Batteries: The Mechanism of Formation of Electrolytic Bronze β-NaxV2O5

To determine the mechanism responsible for the formation of electrolytic sodium–vanadium oxide bronze e-Na _x V₂O₅, synthesized earlier from acid vanadyl sulfate electrolyte, -bronze i-Na _x V₂O₅is synthesized by exposing electrolytic oxide e-V₂O₅in the same sodium-containing electrolyte under open-circuit conditions, with a subsequent annealing of the sample. It is established that the two modifications of -bronze (e-Na _x V₂O₅and i-Na _x V₂O₅) are identical and that electrolytic precursors of -bronze Na _x V₂O₅form via an ion-exchange mechanism.     

Effect of the alloying component MnO<Subscript>2</Subscript> on the type of V<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>5</Subscript> electrocrystallization

The methods of polarization curves E-log I _a and atomic-force microscopy were used to study the mechanisms by which the alloying component MnO₂ affects the electrocrystallization of V₂O₅ in electrolysis from mixed solutions of salts of these metals.     

Electrolytic iron sulfides for thin-layer lithium-ion batteries

Thin-layer electrolytic iron sulfides synthesized on stainless steel substrates were studied in prototype lithium and lithium-ion batteries with an electrolyte composed of ethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, and 1 M LiClO₄. A two-volt lithium-ion system with electrolytic iron sulfide and LiCoO₂ as negative and positive electrodes, respectively, was suggested. The discharge capacity of the prototype system is 350–400 mA h g⁻¹ Fe sulfide.     

Electrolytic nickel sulfide in a model electrochemical capacitor

Operation of an electrode made of electrolytic nickel sulfide in a prototype electrochemical capacitor with potassium hydroxide solutions of various concentrations was studied by cyclic voltammetry.