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1.
Nonlinear Dynamics - In this article, the authors simulate and study dark and bright soliton solutions of 1D and 2D regularized long wave (RLW) models. The RLW model occurred in various fields such... 相似文献
2.
Anuj Mittal Swaminathan Sivaram 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2005,43(21):4996-5008
A tridentate ligand, BPIEP: 2,6‐bis[1‐(2,6‐diisopropyl phenylimino) ethyl] pyridine, having central pyridine unit and two peripheral imine coordination sites was effectively employed in controlled/“living” radical polymerization of MMA at 90°C in toluene as solvent, CuIBr as catalyst, and ethyl‐2‐bromoisobutyrate (EBiB) as initiator resulting in well‐defined polymers with polydispersities Mw/Mn ≤ 1.23. The rate of polymerization follows first‐order kinetics, kapp = 3.4 × 10?5 s?1, indicating the presence of low radical concentration ([P*] ≤ 10?8) throughout the reaction. The polymerization rate attains a maximum at a ligand‐to‐metal ratio of 2:1 in toluene at 90°C. The solvent concentration (v/v, with respect to monomer) has a significant effect on the polymerization kinetics. The polymerization is faster in polar solvents like, diphenylether, and anisole, as compared to toluene. Increasing the monomer concentration in toluene resulted in a better control of polymerization. The molecular weights (Mn,SEC) increased linearly with conversion and were found to be higher than predicted molecular (Mn,Cal). However, the polydispersity remained narrow, i.e., ≤1.23. The initiator efficiency at lower monomer concentration approaches a value of 0.7 in 110 min as compared to 0.5 in 330 min at higher monomer concentration. The aging of the copper salt complexed with BPIEP had a beneficial effect and resulted in polymers with narrow polydispersitities and higher conversion. PMMA obtained at room temperature in toluene (33%, v/v) gave PDI of 1.22 (Mn = 8500) in 48 h whereas, at 50°C the PDI is 1.18 (Mn = 10,300), which is achieved in 23 h. The plot of lnkapp versus 1/T gave an apparent activation energy of polymerization as (ΔE≠app) 58.29 KJ/mol and enthalpy of equilibrium (ΔH0eq) to 28.8 KJ/mol. Reverse ATRP of MMA was successfully performed using AIBN in bulk as well as solution. The controlled nature of the polymerization reaction was established through kinetic studies and chain extension experiments. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 4996–5008, 2005 相似文献
3.
Alignment of photon-induced L3 vacancies is studied in rare earth and highZ elements at energies of experimental interest, near thresholds to 60 keV, under nonrelativistic dipole approximation. Numerical
calculations of the matrix element are undertaken to produce theoretical data for comparison with the experimental findings.
The A2 values being s>0.1 at photoelectron energies <20 keV are certainly higher than 5–8% uncertainties quoted in experimental
results. Present findings are from a very basic model, hydrogen-like and can further be treated as reference to observe the
impact of screening, relativistic, multipole and retardation corrections to the model 相似文献
4.
K. P. Madhusudanan Shubhra Mittal Susheel Durani R. S. Kapil 《Journal of mass spectrometry : JMS》1985,20(5):323-326
Stereospecific adduct ion formation has been observed in the chemical ionization mass spectra (positive and negative) of certain E- and Z-1,2,3-triaryl-2-propen-1-ones. The Z isomers are found to give higher relative abundances of adduct ions than the E isomers. This has been interpreted in terms of the differences in the proton affinities of the isomers originating from their different degrees of enone resonance. Halide ion (CI? and Br?) attachment spectra of these compounds also show stereochemical differences in the relative abundances of [M]?˙ and [M+halide]? ions, though the effect is not as pronounced as in the case of the positive ion spectra. 相似文献
5.
6.
Dynamic light scattering experiments have been performed at various concentrations, of pharmaceutical oil-in-water microemulsions
consisting of Eutanol G as oil, a blend of a high (Tagat O2) and a low (Poloxamer 331) hydrophilic–lipophilic balance surfactant,
and a hydrophilic phase (propylene glycol/water). We probe the dynamics of these microemulsions by dynamic light scattering.
In the measured concentration range, two modes of relaxation were observed. The faster decaying mode is ascribed classically
to the collective diffusion D
c (total droplet number density fluctuation). We show that the slow mode is also diffusive and suggest that its possible origin
is the relaxation of polydispersity fluctuations. The diffusion coefficient associated with this mode is then the self-diffusion
D
s of the droplets. It was found that D
c and D
s had opposite volume fractions of oil plus surfactants (ϕ) dependence and a common limiting value D
0 for ϕ=0. Average hydrodynamic radius (R
h=10.5 nm) of droplets was calculated from D
0. R
h is supposed to compose the inner core, a surfactant film including possible solvent molecules, which migrate with the droplet.
The concentration dependence of diffusion coefficients reflects the effect of hard sphere and the supplementary repulsive
interactions which arises due to loss of entropy, when absorbed chains of surfactant intermingle on the close approach of
the two droplets. This mechanism could also explain the observed stability of our systems. The estimated extent of polydispersity
is 0.22 from the amplitude of slower decaying mode. The polydispersity in microemulsion systems is dynamic in origin. Results
indicate that the time scale for local polydispersity fluctuations is at least three orders of magnitude longer than the estimated
time between droplet collisions. 相似文献
7.
Binil Itty Ipe Anuj Shukla Huachang Lu Bo Zou Heinz Rehage Christof M Niemeyer 《Chemphyschem》2006,7(5):1112-1118
Currently, there is great interest in the development of methods suitable for determining the stoichiometry of biomolecules attached to nanoparticles. We describe the use of the dynamic light-scattering technique (DLS) to determine the stoichiometry of the protein cytochrome P450(BSbeta) attached to CdS and CdSe quantum dots (QDs). The enzyme-conjugated QDs have different diffusion characteristics compared to the QD and enzyme precursors, expressed in their size, scattering intensity as well as zeta-potential values. The significant enhancement of the scattering intensity of QDs observed upon conjugation with the P450(BSbeta) due to the refractive-index increment and the systematic variation in zeta potential resulting from charge neutralization of the anionic QDs by the cationic histidine-tagged P450(BSbeta) have been used for stoichiometry determination. 相似文献
8.
9.
Arun K. Sinha Vinod Kumar Abhishek Sharma Anuj Sharma Rakesh Kumar 《Tetrahedron》2007,63(45):11070-11077
A mild and convenient one-pot two-step synthesis of hydroxystilbenes with trans selectivity has been developed through a modified Perkin reaction between benzaldehydes and phenylacetic acids bearing 4- or 2-hydroxy substitution at the aromatic ring, in the presence of piperidine-methylimidazole and polyethylene glycol under microwave irradiation. The observation of a simultaneous condensation-decarboxylation leading to the unusual formation of hydroxystilbenes in lieu of α-phenylcinnamic acid reveals an interesting facet to the classical Perkin reaction. The developed protocol provides a green alternative to the prevalent methods employing a toxic decarboxylating agent in the form of quinoline/Cu salt, and the requirement for harsh protection-deprotection steps for the synthesis of hydroxylated stilbenes. 相似文献
10.
R. K. Mittal J. P. Tandon R. C. Mehrotra 《Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry》1962,189(4):330-336
Summary In the present investigations, the standardization of vanadium(II) solution against ferric and cupric salts has been described and a few visual indicators have been shown to be applicable in the above titrations. When iron(III) solution is added to vanadium(II) solution neutral red marks the end point for VII to VIII change. This change is also noted when vanadium(II) solution is added to ferric solution in the presence of excess of concentrated hydrochloric acid at an elevated temperature and neutral red and phenosafranine as visual indicators. Under the same conditions, the end point with eupric solution also corresponds to this change.When vanadium(II) solution is added to ferric solution at an elevated temperature in the presence of methylene blue or gallocyanine as visual indicators, the end point marks VII to VIV change. A mixture of iron and copper has also been titrated successfully with the help of visual indicators.
Thanks of the authors are due to the C.S.I.R. authorities for providing a Junior Research Fellowship to one of them (R.K.M.). 相似文献
Zusammenfassung Zur Einstellung von Vanadium(II)-lösungen mit Eisen(III)- oder Kupfer(II)-salzen werden als visuelle Indicatoren Neutralrot, Phenosafranin, Methylenblau oder Gallocyanin benutzt. Bei Zugabe von Eisen(III)-lösung zur Vanadium(II)-lösung zeigt Neutralrot den Übergang VII VIII an. Dieser Übergang wird ebenfalls von Neutralrot und Phenosafranin angezeigt, wenn Vanadium(II)-lösung in Gegenwart von überschüssiger konz. Salzsäure bei erhöhter Temperatur zu Eisen(III)- oder Kupfer(II)-lösung gegeben wird. Der Übergang VII VIV wird von Methylenblau oder Gallocyanin angezeigt, wenn Eisen(III)-lösung bei erhöhter Temperatur mit Vanadium(II)-lösung titriert wird. Die Titration eines Gemisches von Eisen(III) und Kupfer(II) wird ebenfalls ausgeführt.
Thanks of the authors are due to the C.S.I.R. authorities for providing a Junior Research Fellowship to one of them (R.K.M.). 相似文献