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考察了在具有Pentasil孔道结构的H-Ga-Si与Pt/H-Ga-Si杂原子分子筛及HZSM-5分子筛催化剂上的丙烷芳构化。Pt/H-Ga-Si有较高催化活性和芳烃选择性,用XRD、TEM和TPR等技术对催化剂进行了表征,讨论了Pt与Ga的相互作用。Pt/H-Ga-Si为双功能催化剂,Pt促进烷烃脱氢成为烯烃,还能降低丙烷裂解活性,而且可稳定骨架Ga,使其不易脱除;Ga可以提高中间烯烃转变为芳烃的选择性。H-Ga-Si与HZSM-5上的丙烷芳构化机理不同。H-Ga-Si上为丙烷脱氢机理,Ga脱去H+形成活泼正碳离子,同时由于骨架Ga与分子筛B酸位相邻,所以可提高芳烃选择性;HZSM-5上丙烷活化是经过裂化机理,再通过氢转移步骤形成芳烃。 相似文献
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非离子表面活性剂和β-环状糊精包结作用的微量热法研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
用Model-4200型恒温滴定量热系统,研究了非离子表面活性剂(TritonX-114,TritonX-100,TritonX-102,TritonX-405)和β-环状糊精的包结的热力学性质,结果表明:对所有体系,均形成1:1的包结物,ΔHⅲ和ΔSⅲ值均为负值,形成包结物的过程是焓有利而熵不利的过程,而且-ΔHⅲ和ΔSⅲ值随非离子表面活性剂环氧乙烷(EO)链长的增加而减少。另外,非离子表面活性剂环氧乙烷(EO)链越长,包结物稳定常数越小。 相似文献
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推广了Etzion和Vardy关于常维码的结论(Etzion T,Vardy A.Error-correcting codes in projective space.IEEE Transactions on Information Theory,2011,57(2):1165-1173),给出了一般情况下常维码的一个构造性下界. 相似文献
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In this paper, the consensus problem with position sampled data for second-order multi-agent systems is investigated.The interaction topology among the agents is depicted by a directed graph. The full-order and reduced-order observers with position sampled data are proposed, by which two kinds of sampled data-based consensus protocols are constructed. With the provided sampled protocols, the consensus convergence analysis of a continuous-time multi-agent system is equivalently transformed into that of a discrete-time system. Then, by using matrix theory and a sampled control analysis method, some sufficient and necessary consensus conditions based on the coupling parameters, spectrum of the Laplacian matrix and sampling period are obtained. While the sampling period tends to zero, our established necessary and sufficient conditions are degenerated to the continuous-time protocol case, which are consistent with the existing result for the continuous-time case. Finally, the effectiveness of our established results is illustrated by a simple simulation example. 相似文献
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