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在此以前遗传字母序列中仅有四个字母(或碱基),即腺嘌呤(A),鸟嘌呤(G)、胸腺嘧啶(u或DNA的T)和胞嘧啶(C)。这些碱基通过氨基和羰基间的氢键使双链螺旋型RNA中的两条互补链结合在一起。其中,A与u形成两个氢键,G与C形成三个氢键,从而组成两个碱基对。生物世界就是靠这两个“碱基对”来运载遗传信息。最近,瑞士生物化学家Steven A.Benner证实其它碱基对亦可能运载遗传信息。例如,将鸟嘌呤或胞嘧啶中的羰基和氨基互相异位,可得到异嘌呤或异胞嘧啶。含这些非标准碱基的核苷酸能通过三个氢键作用形成所谓的Watson-Crick碱基对。 相似文献
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在方酸内鎓盐中,四碳环的电荷分离使其氧原子带部分负电荷,成为潜在的良好配位基。 据此,作者于前文中合成了以双苯氨基方酸内鎓盐为骨架、苯环的2—位对称引入多甘醇醚氧 链的多齿配体,并以它们为萃取剂或电活性物质成功地实现了水相中UO_2~(2 )的萃取及碱水中NH_3 的测定。如果配基链由苯环的2—位移至N上,整个配体分子的几何及电子结构将发生改变, 四碳环上的氧与侧链的匹配情况也将不同。此外,苯环上的取代基将可能通过共轭体系直接影响 四碳环上氧的电荷状态及配位能力。因此,本文合成并研究了一类新的1,3—双(N—取代苯氨基) 方酸内鎓盐型多齿配体2(a~h)(见下式)。 相似文献
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Two imidazolium-bridged cyclodextrin dimers 3a and 3b were prepared by reacting 6-deoxy-6-N-imidazolyl-β-CD (2) with bis(bromomethyl)benzene. The catalytic properties of 2, 3a and 3b in the hydrolytic cleavage of p-nitrophenyl alkanoates, in the form of acetate (PNPA) , butanoate (PNPB) , hexanoate (PNPH) and octanoate (PNPO), were examined. CD dimeis showed middling rate enhancements around neutrality. Catalytic rate constants ( kc) in the presence of 3a or 3b did not vary much with chain length of esters. In contrast, dissociation constants ( Kd) and selectivity factors (kc/Kd) for "long-chain" esters were much smaller and significantly larger than those for short-chain ones respectively, indicating CD dimers 3a and 3b have good dimensional recognition ability and substrate selectivity in the hydrolytic cleavage of p-nitrophenyl alkanoates . Their kinetic consequences are briefly interpreted. 相似文献