A self-powered and sensitive terahertz photodetection based on PdSe2

With the rapid development of terahertz technology, terahertz detectors are expected to play a key role in diverse areas such as homeland security and imaging, materials diagnostics, biology, medical sciences, and communication. Whereas self-powered, rapid response, and room temperature terahertz photodetectors are confronted with huge challenges. Here, we report a novel rapid response and self-powered terahertz photothermoelectronic (PTE) photodetector based on a low-dimensional material: palladium selenide (PdSe₂). An order of magnitude performance enhancement was observed in photodetection based on PdSe₂/graphene heterojunction that resulted from the integration of graphene and enhanced the Seebeck effect. Under 0.1-THz and 0.3-THz irradiations, the device displays a stable and repeatable photoresponse at room temperature without bias. Furthermore, rapid rise (5.0 μs) and decay (5.4 μs) times are recorded under 0.1-THz irradiation. Our results demonstrate the promising prospect of the detector based on PdSe₂ in terms of air-stable, suitable sensitivity and speed, which may have great application in terahertz detection.     

熟手-新手化学教师“化学键”课堂教学行为特征比较研究

通过对熟手教师和新手教师的6节常态课堂中教学行为对类型、所用时间以及分布特征进行对比分析,发现熟手教师在各个小类教学行为对上的使用、教学行为转换上好于新手教师,新手教师在教学行为对使用的时间利用率上低于熟手教师。在常态课教学中,熟手教师和新手教师都应该多尝试采用开放度较高的教学行为对,新手教师要更加关注学生,引导学生思考,积极参与课堂。     

粉煤灰基氧氟沙星分子印迹聚合物的制备及其应用

以工业废料粉煤灰微球为基质,氧氟沙星 (OFL) 为模板分子,采用表面印迹法制备印迹材料MIP。通过紫外光谱法结合理论分析选择实验条件,并对该印迹材料结构、吸附行为进行研究。结果表明,该印迹材料对氧氟沙星具有良好的特异识别性和优良的亲和性。与以硅胶为载体制备的印迹聚合物相比,该材料吸附容量更高和印迹效果更好。将其作为固相萃取填料对鸡产品进行分离富集,与C18柱相比,分离富集效果更好。结合UPLC,对实际样品中氧氟沙星进行分析,回收率为82.0%-96.7%,相对标准偏差低于5.5%,可用于鸡产品中氧氟沙星分离分析。     

双分布聚乙二醇接枝纳米二氧化硅的高效可控制备

在混合溶剂中通过"grafting to"的方法将2种分子量不同的聚乙二醇单甲醚(MPEG M_w=750,4000)接枝到氨基修饰的St?ber法二氧化硅(SiO_2-NH_2)表面,制备双分布纳米接枝复合物.采用二步法,先将带环氧端基的低分子量聚乙二醇单甲醚(MPEG-EO)与SiO_2-NH_2在甲苯溶剂中充分反应后,与高分子量的MPEG-EO在甲苯和正癸烷的混合溶剂中使用相同的反应条件和后处理方法,能便捷制备出具有双分布接枝的纳米复合物.在接枝反应体系中,分子链的链段尺寸和接枝密度之间存在着密切关系.一定的范围内,接枝密度随链段尺寸减小而增大.通过改变混合溶剂比例来调控接枝链段的尺寸,可以很好控制聚合物的接枝密度.在双分布接枝的纳米复合物中,低分子量的接枝密度为0.85 chains/nm~2,高分子量的接枝密度能达到0.40 chains/nm~2,体现出了简单、高效、可控的特点,与聚环氧乙烷(PEO)共混后分散良好,对于制备出均匀分散的纳米复合材料起到了一定的指导作用.     

层合板三维—二维混合分区有限元法研究

本文提出了一种三维－二维混合分区有限元方法分析复合材料层合结构。构造了三维－二维过渡元素和三维的十七节点复合元素。本方法在大大地减少了自由度，缩短了计算时间。算例表明，计算结果令人满意。本方法是可靠的并同样适用于其它结构。     

基础滑移隔震体系的地震响应计算

利用随机振动理论求出了基础滑移隔震房屋在无频谱过程的白噪声过程作用下的响应特性，探讨了基础滑移隔震的振动时最佳阻尼系数取值，提出了基础最大滑移量在白噪声过程作用下的计算公式，并进行了基础滑移隔震位移量的试验测定。计算结果与试验结果表明，本文提出的基础滑移隔震体系的计算公式是可行的，为滑移隔震房屋设计证结构安全、合理提供了理论依据。     

改变飞艇重心位置控制纵向运动

本文针对目前平流层飞艇的运动控制效率较低的问题,重点研究了改变平流层飞艇重心的轴向位置来控制飞艇的纵向运动。首先讨论了考虑飞艇重心位置的力和力矩平衡,并利用德国斯图加特大学风洞试验的数据,进行了算例分析。然后和常用的升降舵控制进行效率比较,得出了在空气密度较低的平流层采用改变重心位置比舵面控制具有优越性的结论。最后提出了改变飞艇重心位置的方法。     

Improve the performance of interferometer with ultra-cold atoms

Ultra-cold atoms provide ideal platforms for interferometry.The macroscopic matter-wave property of ultra-cold atoms leads to large coherent length and long coherent time,which enable high accuracy and sensitivity to measurement.Here,we review our efforts to improve the performance of the interferometer.We demonstrate a shortcut method for manipulating ultra-cold atoms in an optical lattice.Compared with traditional ones,this shortcut method can reduce the manipulation time by up to three orders of magnitude.We construct a matter-wave Ramsey interferometer for trapped motional quantum states and significantly increase its coherence time by one order of magnitude with an echo technique based on this method.Efforts have also been made to enhance the resolution by multimode scheme.Application of a noise-resilient multi-component interferometer shows that increasing the number of paths could sharpen the peaks in the time-domain interference fringes,which leads to a resolution nearly twice compared with that of a conventional double-path two-mode interferometer.With the shortcut method mentioned above,improvement of the momentum resolution could also be fulfilled,which leads to atomic momentum patterns less than 0.6hkL. To identify and remove systematic noises,we introduce the methods based on the principal component analysis (PCA) that reduce the noise in detection close to the 1/√2 of the photon-shot noise and separate and identify or even eliminate noises.Furthermore,we give a proposal to measure precisely the local gravity acceleration within a few centimeters based on our study of ultracold atoms in precision measurements.     

热泵型纯电动客车空调结霜特性实验研究

针对热泵型纯电动客车空调系统在冬季低温高湿环境下,车外换热器易结霜而造成系统制热性能严重衰减的问题,开发了一种带有经济器的补气型纯电动客车热泵空调系统,对车外管翅式换热器结霜特性进行了实验研究。结果表明,当车外换热器完全结霜后,系统制热量和COP均大幅下降。由于采用中压补气技术,系统仍能稳定运行,当车外温度为0、-10、-20℃时,结霜过程中系统制热量分别降低了5、3.2、2.3 kW,COP分别降低了1.1、0.7、0.45,且车外空气相对湿度越大,系统制热性能衰减越严重。     

基于近场动力学理论的单层板损伤分析方法

基于键基近场动力学理论(PD)构建复合材料的单层板模型,在本构方程中引入连续变化的键刚度,以表示复合材料中与纤维夹角相关的力学性能的变化。推导了与复合材料主方向热膨胀系数相关的任意方向的热膨胀系数,为热载荷的施加提供理论支持,将热载荷和力学载荷统一于本构方程中。最后,对预先存在裂纹的单层板进行裂纹扩展模式的仿真,得到预期的仿真结果,并与已有实验结果对比验证模型的有效性。