Pt/Cu双金属纳米颗粒的制备及其催化制氢活性

采用化学共还原法合成了聚乙烯吡咯烷酮保护的Pt/Cu双金属纳米颗粒(BNPs),并采用紫外可见吸收光谱、透射电子显微镜、高分辨透射电子显微镜等对所合成的Pt/Cu BNPs进行了表征。研究了化学组成对Pt/Cu BNPs催化Na BH4水解制氢性能的影响。结果表明,所制备的Pt/Cu BNPs平均粒径为1.8~2.3nm,其催化活性远高于单金属Pt和Cu NPs的活性,其中Pt90Cu10BNP的催化活性最高,其在30℃的条件下,催化Na BH4制氢的活性可达6570mol-H2·mol-cat-1·h-1,约为相同粒径的Pt单金属NP的1.6倍。密度泛函理论的计算结果表明,Pt/Cu BNPs优异的催化性能可归因于电荷转移效应,Pt原子与Cu原子之间发生的电子转移使得Pt原子带负电而Cu原子带正电,荷电的Pt和Cu原子成为催化反应的活性中心。     

密圈螺旋弹簧的应力增大系数K

密圈螺旋弹簧的应力增大系数,或称曲度系数,各国材料力学教程中几乎都要引用它。如图1所示该项应力增大系数是对比直杆受扭得出来的。获得的方法有两种:一种是近似的方法,这种方法只考虑簧丝的曲率即类似于曲杆,以及簧丝本身受到的剪切效应;另一种是严格的方法,即根据弹性理论进行应力分析求解得出。     

自动消除载荷偏心影响的引伸计研究

本文基于拉伸圆截面试样圆周上各点的应变分析，提出一种自动消除载荷偏心影响的引伸计。该引伸计结构简单、可靠、使用方便。特别是在测定金属杨氏模量中更为适用。用电测实验对比校核的数据表明，自动消除载荷偏心影响引伸计安装在不同位置上测量的相对误差不超过０．５％。     

Microwave Magnetic Properties and Natural Resonance of e-Co Nanoparticles

Owing to the novel crystal structure, ε-Co nanoparticles with an average diameter of 12 nm are synthesized and the microwave magnetic properties of the epoxy resin composite with 50voi% ε-Co particles are measured in the frequency range 0.1-7 GHz. The experimental resonance frequency （4.7 GHz） matches well with the values obtained by the theoretical calculation with the Kittel equation and fitting the experimental permeability dispersion curve via the Landan-Lifshitz equation. Hence the resonance peak is attributed to natural resonance mode. This work is believed to be beneficial for further understanding microwave applications of the novel ε-Co nanoparticles.     

MoO42-取代对Nasicon型Li3Fe2(PO4)3正极材料电化学性能的影响

以MoO₄^2-部分取代Li₃Fe₂（PO₄）₃中的PO₄^3-,研究表明：加入的MoO₄^2-离子主要以固溶形式存在于Li₃Fe₂（PO₄）₃中,起到了显著改善其电化学性能的作用。其中,MoO₄^2-掺杂浓度为0.3的样品表现出最佳的电化学性能,其在0.5C倍率下的首次放电容量为113.7 mAh·g^-1,这一数值比未掺杂的提高了20.7%;经过60次循环充放电,容量保持率为94%。将放电倍率从0.5C逐步增大至5C,再降至初始的0.5C,并在每个倍率循环10次,这一材料的最终放电容量可达首次0.5C的95%。这些优异的性能应归因于MoO₄^2-掺杂使材料的氧化还原能力增强,氧化还原电对的电势差减小,电池内部的电荷转移电阻减小,以及Li⁺扩散系数增加。     

Microwave reflection properties of planar anisotropy FesoNi50 powder/paraffin composites

The reflection properties of planar anisotropy Fe50Ni50 powder/paraffin composites have been studied in the microwave frequency range.The permeability of Fe50Ni50 powder/paraffin composites is greatly enhanced by introducing the planar anisotropy,and can be further enhanced by using a rotational orientation method.The complex permeability can be considered as the superposition of two types of magnetic resonance.The resonance peak at high frequency is attributed to the natural resonance,while the peak at low frequency is attributed to the domain-wall resonance.The simulated results of the microwave reflectivity show that the matching thickness,peak frequency,permeability,and permittivity are closely related to the quarter wavelength matching condition.The Fe50Ni50 powder/paraffin composites can be attractive candidates for thinner microwave absorbers in the L-band(1-2 GHz).     

高规则性多孔硅材料的制备和作为生物酶的载体在有机溶媒中的应用

FSM- 16,MCM- 4 1和 SBA- 15等具有高规则性的二维六角晶格结构的多孔硅可由不同的硅酸盐或有机硅氧化物结合表面活性剂制备而成 ,孔径的大小可根据表面活性剂的不同烷基链长和有机膨胀剂的添加量加以控制 ,最大可分别达到 10 0 ,10 0和 150 ,但其晶格的规则性则随孔径的增大而降低。我们发现了用层状硅酸盐Kanemite制备的 FSM- 16和来自硅酸钠的 MCM- 4 1,其表面阴离子度比用四甲氧基硅烷 ( TMOS)制备的 SBA- 15高得多。如将在等电点以下呈阳离子性的生物酶插入多孔硅中 ,则由于形成的离子间相互作用和氢键结合力 ,可得到结合得十分稳定的生物 /无机陶瓷结合体。特别是孔径比生物酶的尺寸 ( 4 6 )稍大的情况下结合最稳定 ,其结合量可达 2 0 % ,以此结合体作为有机酸化反应的催化剂 ,呈现了很高的反应活性。此方法在环境工程上将有十分广阔的应用前景。     

Microwave absorption properties regulation and bandwidth formula of oriented Y2Fe17N3-δ@SiO2/PU composite synthesized by reduction-diffusion method

As concepts closely related to microwave absorption properties, impedance matching and phase matching were rarely combined with material parameters to regulate properties and explore related mechanisms. In this work, reduction-diffusion method was innovatively applied to synthesize rare earth alloy Y$_{2}$Fe$_{17}$. In order to regulate the electromagnetic parameters of absorbers, the Y$_{2}$Fe$_{17}$N$_{3-\delta }$ particles were coated with silica (Y$_{2}$Fe$_{17}$N$_{3-\delta }$@SiO$_{2}$) and absorbers with different volume fractions were prepared. The relationship between impedance matching, matching thickness, and the strongest reflection loss peak (${\rm RL}_{\rm min}$) was presented obviously. Compared to the microwave absorption properties of Y$_{2}$Fe$_{17}$N$_{3-\delta }$/PU absorber, Y$_{2}$Fe$_{17}$N$_{3-\delta }$@SiO$_{2}$/PU absorbers are more conducive to the realization of microwave absorption material standards which are thin thickness, light weight, strong absorbing intensity, and broad bandwidth. Based on microwave frequency bands, the microwave absorption properties of the absorbers were analyzed and the related parameters were listed. As an important parameter related to perfect matching, reflection factor ($\sqrt {ărepsilon_{\rm r}/\mu_{\rm r}}$) was discussed combined with microwave amplitude attenuation. According to the origin and mathematical model of bandwidth, the formula of EAB (${\rm RL}<-10$ dB) was derived and simplified. The calculated bandwidths agreed well with experimental results.     

测定金刚石膜断裂强度及断裂韧性的力控制法研究

人造金刚石膜是一种新材料,断裂强度及断裂韧性是其主要力学性能指标,目前国内、外尚无相应的强度测试方法标准,一般采用类比陶瓷测定断裂强度与断裂韧性的方法进行,即采用位移控制法进行检测,基于金刚石膜是一种硬度比陶瓷更高的材料,本文首次提出对金刚石膜用一种力控制法进行检测,在试验时采用专用的弹性压力头加载,加载速度可调,加载平衡、可靠,收到了很好的效果。     

高频燃烧—红外线吸收法测定硅钡铁合金中的碳和硫

研究了不同助熔剂对硅钡铁合金中碳和硫积分曲线的影响,优选了测定条件,用于硅钡铁合金中碳和硫的测定,获得较满意的结果.