基于串联质量标记的帕金森病血浆及血浆外泌体定量蛋白质组学分析

外泌体是一类可由各种细胞在生理和病理条件下释放的细胞外囊泡,其携带了多种生物活性分子,是疾病标志物的良好载体。目前,帕金森病(Parkinson’s disease, PD)的诊断主要依靠临床表现,缺乏客观的疾病诊断标志物。因此,新型外周血特异性标志物的开发将有助于PD的早期筛查与诊疗。在本研究中,选取PD患者与正常对照人群的血浆及血浆外泌体作为研究对象,采用基于串联质量标记(tandem mass tag, TMT)的液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)技术对其进行定量蛋白质组学分析,在血浆和血浆外泌体样品中分别定量到724和611个蛋白质。采用基因集富集分析(gene set enrichment analysis, GSEA)对定量到的所有蛋白质进行生物学信息分析,以了解蛋白质的基因本体论(gene ontology, GO)、京都基因和基因组百科全书(Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes, KEGG)通路富集情况。根据细胞组分(cellular component, CC)分析,PD和正常对照组血浆样本中的差异表达蛋白质主要定位于细胞...     

噪声对一种三粒子量子探针态的影响

量子度量学是研究量子测量与统计推断的一门学科,主要利用量子手段来提高参数估计的精度,在量子信息处理与测量中起到关键作用.量子参数估计的一般过程包含四个步骤:探针态的制备、参数化过程、对参数化后的输出态进行测量以及根据测量结果估计待测参数.其中探针态的选取对测量精度起着至关重要的作用.然而在实际的量子探针态的制备过程中,初始探针态会受到环境噪声的影响.目前人们已经研究了W态与Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger(GHZ)态的量子Fisher信息(QFI)在典型噪声通道下的变化行为.由于W态与GHZ态有着不同的纠缠性质,对于W态与GHZ态的叠加态的QFI动力学研究具有重要的实际意义.故此,本文主要研究典型噪声通道对这两种状态的叠加态的QFI动力学行为的影响,得出了QFI随噪声参数的变化行为.结果表明,叠加态中W态组分可明显对抗相位阻尼噪声对探针态的QFI的影响,而其中的GHZ态组分可明显对抗振幅阻尼噪声的影响,从而为在实际环境中选取高精度的参数估计过程提供参考.     

Contagion dynamics on adaptive multiplex networks with awareness-dependent rewiring

Over the last few years, the interplay between contagion dynamics of social influences (e.g., human awareness, risk perception, and information dissemination) and biological infections has been extensively investigated within the framework of multiplex networks. The vast majority of existing multiplex network spreading models typically resort to heterogeneous mean-field approximation and microscopic Markov chain approaches. Such approaches usually manifest richer dynamical properties on multiplex networks than those on simplex networks; however, they fall short of a subtle analysis of the variations in connections between nodes of the network and fail to account for the adaptive behavioral changes among individuals in response to epidemic outbreaks. To transcend these limitations, in this paper we develop a highly integrated effective degree approach to modeling epidemic and awareness spreading processes on multiplex networks coupled with awareness-dependent adaptive rewiring. This approach keeps track of the number of nearest neighbors in each state of an individual; consequently, it allows for the integration of changes in local contacts into the multiplex network model. We derive a formula for the threshold condition of contagion outbreak. Also, we provide a lower bound for the threshold parameter to indicate the effect of adaptive rewiring. The threshold analysis is confirmed by extensive simulations. Our results show that awareness-dependent link rewiring plays an important role in enhancing the transmission threshold as well as lowering the epidemic prevalence. Moreover, it is revealed that intensified awareness diffusion in conjunction with enhanced link rewiring makes a greater contribution to disease prevention and control. In addition, the critical phenomenon is observed in the dependence of the epidemic threshold on the awareness diffusion rate, supporting the metacritical point previously reported in literature. This work may shed light on understanding of the interplay between epidemic dynamics and social contagion on adaptive networks.