异丙基膦酸二(2-乙基己基)酯对镧系元素的萃取

本文系统研究了异丙基膦酸二(2-乙基己基)酯在3M和14MHNO₃水相中萃取镧系元素(除钷以外)和钇的递变规律.测定了不同温度(10～60℃)的萃取平衡放据,考察了它们的递变规律.有机相中水含量的变化经测定显示有近似的四分组效应.对萃取过程中镧系离子的硝酸根络合度和水合度对递变规律的影响进行了讨论.     

异丙基膦酸单烷基酯萃取稀土的化学

本文研究了不同酯烷基结构的异丙基膦酸单烷基酯萃取稀土反应的平衡常数(K_(ex))的差别。异丙基膦酸单β-取代烷基酯具有较高K_(ex)值,而相应的α-取代烷基酯的K_(ex)值则显著下降。此外,镧系收缩的特性扩大了配位体的空间效应,这类效应对化合物的pKa值也有影响。并讨论了异丙基膦酸单十四烷基酯(MANPP)萃取稀土的反应机理,测得该反应的热力学函数,不论K_(ex)值或△G值与原子序数间均具四分组效应。研究了萃取配合物的组成与结构,值得指出的是MANPP在盐酸体系中萃取分离钕、钐的性能均优于硝酸体系。     

异丙基膦酸二烷基酯萃取稀土元素的结构和性能研究

合成了不同酯烷基结构的异丙基膦酸二烷基酯,对萃取稀土元素的结构-性能进行了研究。由于镧系收缩,萃取剂的结构空间位阻对稀土的萃取分离效果很显著。测得萃取过程中的热力学函数,讨论了萃取剂化学结构的影响。 应用连续变量法和元素分析法测得萃取络合物组成为Ln(NO_3)_3·3L,并用IR与NMR研究了配位络合物的结构。对这类络合物进行了磁性质和差热分析的研究。     

STRUCTURE-REACTIVITY STUDIES ON THE EXTRACTION OF RARE EARTHS BY DIALKYL ISOPROPYLPHOSPHONATES

Dialkyl isopropylphosphonates with various alkyl groups are synthesized for the structure-reactivity studies on the extraction of rare earths. Steric effect of ligands on the extrac-tion behaviour of rare earth is well demonstrated due to the lanthanide contraction. Thethermodynamic functions of the extraction reaction are estimated and the influence of chem-ical structure of extractants is discussed. By the method of continuous variation as well asthe elementary analysis, the composition of the extracted species is deduced as Ln(NO_3)_3·3L.The structure of the coordination compound is further elucidated by IR and NMR spectra.The magnetic property and the differential thermal analysis of the complexes are also studied.     

EXTRACTION CHEMISTRY OF RARE EARTHS BY MONO-ALKYL ISOPROPYLPHOSPHONATES

The influence of chemical structure of ester alkyl group of mono-alkyl isopropylphosphonates on the extraction behaviours of rare earth has been studied. The mono-alkyl isopropylphosphonate bearing β-substituted ester alkyl group shows high K_(ex) value, which is evidently depressed, usually in two orders of magnitude, by introducing a branch chain on the α-position of the ester alkyl group. The steric effect of ligand is usually enhanced due to the characteristic lanthanide contraction.z2The extraction chemistry of rare earths by mono-amylnonyl isopropylphosphonates (MANPP) was studied in detail The thermodynamic function was estimated and the "tetrad effect" between K_(ex) value or △G value and atomic number was observed. In addition, the composition and structure of the coordinated compound was studied. As demonstrated by the experimental data, the extractive separation of Sm and Nd by MANPP in chloride solution was better than that in nitrate system.     

高位阻有机磷萃取剂的研究——Ⅰ.烃基膦酸单十六烷基酯的合成及其对钴(Ⅱ)、镍(Ⅱ)等金属离子的萃取性能

合成了6个具有高位阻特征的烃基膦酸单十六烷基酯萃取剂,并考察了它们对Co(Ⅱ)、Ni(Ⅱ)、Cu(Ⅱ)、Fe(Ⅲ)和Ca的萃取性能。萃取剂分子中烃基结构的变化对各种金属离子的萃取能力有着不同程度的影响。空间位阻较大的异丙基和环己基化合物具有比2-乙基己基膦酸单2-乙基己基酯(P507)更高的Co-Ni分离能力。