Doctor-bladed Cu2ZnSnS4 light absorption layer for low-cost solar cell application

The doctor-blade method is investigated for the preparation of Cu2ZnSnS4 films for low-cost solar cell application.Cu2ZnSnS4 precursor powder,the main raw material for the doctor-blade paste,is synthesized by a simple ball-milling process.The doctor-bladed Cu2ZnSnS4 films are annealed in N2 ambient under various conditions and characterized by X-ray diffraction,ultraviolent/vis spectrophotometry,scanning electron microscopy,and current-voltage(J-V) meansurement.Our experimental results indicate that(i) the X-ray diffraction peaks of the Cu2ZnSnS4 precursor powder each show a red shift of about 0.4°;(ii) the high-temperature annealing process can effectively improve the crystallinity of the doctor-bladed Cu 2 ZnSnS 4,whereas an overlong annealing introduces defects;(iii) the band gap value of the doctor-bladed Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 is around 1.41 eV;(iv) the short-circuit current density,the open-circuit voltage,the fill factor,and the efficiency of the best Cu2ZnSnS4 solar cell obtained with the superstrate structure of fluorine-doped tin oxide glass/TiO2/In2S3/Cu2ZnSnS4/Mo are 7.82 mA/cm2,240 mV,0.29,and 0.55%,respectively.     

Structural, electronic and vibrational properties of indium oxide clusters

Geometric, electronic and vibrational properties of the most stable and energetically favourable configurations of indium oxide clusters In_mO_n (1≤m, n≤4) are investigated using density functional theory. The lowest energy geometries prefer the planar arrangement of the constituent atoms with a trend to maximize the number of ionic In-O bonds. Due to the charge transfer from In to O atoms, the electrostatic repulsion occurs between the atoms with the same kind of charge. The minimization of electrostatic repulsion and the maximization of In-O bond number compete between each other and determine the location of the isometric total energy. The most stable linear In-O-In-O structure of In₂O₂ cluster is attributed to the reduced electrostatic repulsive energy at the expense of In-O bond number, while the lowest energy rhombus-like structure of In₂O₃ cluster reflects the maximized number of In-O bonds. Furthermore, the vibrational frequencies of the lowest energy clusters are calculated and compared with the available experimental results. The energy gap and the charge density distribution for clusters with varying oxygen/indium ratio are also discussed.     

分子聚集混合体系中的多聚体及其结构的解析

以四氯化碳稀溶液中的(R)-1,3-丁二醇的聚集体系作为解析多聚体及其结构的模型. 利用FSMWEFA(fixed-size moving window evolving factor analysis)结合PCA(principal component analysis), SIMPLISMA(simple-to-use interactive self-modeling mixture analysis)和ITTFA(iterative target transformation factor analysis)等分析方法对(R)-1,3-丁二醇溶液的红外光谱的组成进行分析, 通过计算聚集度和平衡常数, 确定(R)-1,3-丁二醇在惰性溶液中为单体-三聚体体系. 同时运用密度泛函(DFT, density functional theory)对三聚体的结构进行解析, 讨论了影响环形三聚体的结构因素.     

电场方式对毛细管电泳分离DNA的影响

以羟乙基纤维素为筛分介质, 在直流、方波脉冲、反向脉冲电场中对0.1～10.0 kbp范围的DNA样品进行分离, 改变脉冲电场调制深度, 探讨电场方式对毛细管电泳分离DNA的影响. 研究发现, 其它实验条件一定时: (1)直流电场下, 小片段DNA (<1.0 kbp)可以被有效分离, 大片段DNA (>1.0 kbp)迁移时几乎重叠在一起; (2)方波脉冲电场下, 增大调制深度可提高大片段DNA (>1.0 kbp)分离效果, 但降低了部分小片段DNA (0.6～1.0 kbp)的分离度; (3)反向脉冲电场下, 可以实现0.1～8.0 kbp范围内各个DNA片段的有效分离, 改变调制深度会影响样本DNA的分离时间. 并将反向脉冲电场应用于毛细管电泳分离λ-DNA的EcoT14 I/Bgl II限制性内切酶酶切片段. 结果表明, 反向脉冲毛细管电泳技术具有快速、准确、重复性高等特点, 可用于宽分子量范围DNA片段分离.     

Doctor-bladed Cu2ZnSnS4 light absorption layer for low-cost solar cell application

The doctor-blade method is investigated for the preparation of Cu₂ZnSnS₄ films for low-cost solar cell application. Cu₂ZnSnS₄ precursor powder, the main raw material for the doctor-blade paste, is synthesized by a simple ball-milling process. The doctor-bladed Cu₂ZnSnS₄ films are annealed in N₂ ambient under various conditions and characterized by X-ray diffraction, ultraviolent/vis spectrophotometry, scanning electron microscopy, and current-voltage (J-V) meansurement. Our experimental results indicate that (i) the X-ray diffraction peaks of the Cu₂ZnSnS₄ precursor powder each show a red shift of about 0.4°; (ii) the high-temperature annealing process can effectively improve the crystallinity of the doctor-bladed Cu₂ZnSnS₄, whereas an overlong annealing introduces defects; (iii) the band gap value of the doctor-bladed Cu₂ZnSnS₄ is around 1.41 eV; (iv) the short-circuit current density, the open-circuit voltage, the fill factor, and the efficiency of the best Cu₂ZnSnS₄ solar cell obtained with the superstrate structure of fluorine-doped tin oxide glass/TiO₂/In₂S₃/Cu₂ZnSnS₄/Mo are 7.82 mA/cm², 240 mV, 0.29, and 0.55%, respectively.     

羟乙基纤维素中毛细管电泳DNA分离特性研究

本实验以羟乙基纤维素(HEC)为筛分介质,以100～1500 bp DNA ladder为分离对象,系统地研究了直流电场下毛细管电泳时DNA分离特性.论文考察了DNA迁移淌度及分离度随HEC溶液浓度和分子量、毛细管两端电场强度(E)、毛细管有效长度(le)及其内径形状、背景电解液(BGE)温度等因素变化规律.研究发现:(1)当筛分介质HEC浓度高于其阈值浓度c*时,HEC分子量越大,相邻DNA片段之间淌度差越大,HEC浓度越高,其迁移淌度越低;(2)对于相邻的DNA片段,le在一定范围内,其分离度随le增大而线性升高;(3)毛细管有效长度一定时,DNA淌度随毛细管侧面积与截面积之比R增大而升高,分离效率提高;(4)BGE温度升高,DNA在筛分介质中扩散效应增强,迁移淌度变大,相邻DNA片段间分离度减小.根据以上结论,在直流电场下毛细管电泳φ×174-Hirc II限制性酶切片段,并实现了其高分离度、快速分离.     

纳米近场中的生化学免疫检测的研究

提出一种金属纳米分散系中的酶免疫检测方法. 在这免疫学反应体系中, 抗原与标有过氧化物酶的抗体发生免疫反应, 产生的免疫复合物与邻-苯二胺、过氧化氢发生反应, 产生偶氮化合物. 当溶液中呈离子状态的偶氮化合物与带电金属纳米粒子发生相互作用, 观察纳米近场表面的分子动力学过程. 通过分析酶催化反应生成物, 间接地对免疫分子进行高灵敏的定性定量分 析, 使免疫反应的检测灵敏度达到10^-15 mol/L.     

毛细管电泳噪声特性分析

为优化毛细管电泳荧光信号检测系统,提高检测灵敏度,以100~1 000碱基对的脱氧核糖核酸作为分离对象,羟乙基纤维素为筛分介质,研究了直流电场下毛细管电泳荧光信号检测系统中的噪声特性.对不同分离电场强度、羟乙基纤维素溶液浓度和分子量、毛细管有效长度以及毛细管内径形状等情况下的噪声特性进行分析.分析得到该检测系统中信噪比最佳的优化参量,即分离电场强度为500~600V/cm、羟乙基纤维素浓度为0.6%~0.7%、羟乙基纤维素分子量为250、圆形内径为50μm以及毛细管有效长度为8cm.     

高速紫外-可见分光光度计的研制

研制了一种采用线阵CCD的高速紫外-可见分光光度计。报道了该分光光度计的硬件结构、软件系统设计和初步的性能测试结果。初步测试结果：波长范围 200～820 nm,全谱扫描时间<0.1 s,光谱带宽 0.7 nm,波长精度 ±1 nm,光度精度±0.005 AU,杂散光<0.1％,基线平直度<0.001 AU(rms)。该仪器使用操作简便,测量速度快,性能优良,具有强大的光谱数据分析与处理功能,而且还独具远程操作和访问功能。预期该仪器除了可用于常规分析测试外,还适用于化学和生物等领域的动力学反应研究。     

改进偏最小二乘法在近红外牛奶成分测量中的应用

采用NicoletNexus870红外-近红外傅里叶变换光谱仪测量了36个市售巴氏杀菌纯牛乳样品的透射光谱。在近红外光谱1254～1875nm和2045～2372nm波段内,为了选择携带信息量大的波长区域,采用改进偏最小二乘回归法,包括间隔偏最小二乘法、移动窗口偏最小二乘法和可变窗宽移动窗口偏最小二乘法对巴氏杀菌纯牛乳中脂肪、蛋白质及乳糖成分分别建立模型,进行了分析和比较,结果表明,采用改进偏最小二乘法所选出的波长区与目标值的相关程度高,可以较好地建立牛奶的预测模型。