CLIMATIC CHANGE SINCE LITTLE ICE AGE RECORDED BY DUNDE ICE CAP

The climatic change since the Little Ice Age recorded in the Dunde Ice Cap is presentedin this paper. There have been three cold periods and three warm periods since 1400AD.Among them, the coldest one was in the 17th century. Many evidences verified the three coldand warm variations recorded in the Dundc Ice Cap. But it was found from the comparison between the Dunde Icc Cap climatic record and thewinter temperature record in Shanghai that there was a temporal dfference in climatic changebetween East China and West China. The general trend is that the cooling and warmingprocesses in West China were earlier than that in East China. In the Dunde Ice Cap, it isnow in an anomalous warm period, while it is not as warm as in Dunde Ice Cap recordaccording to the winter temperature in Shanghai. In addition to the possible cause of temporaldifference in climatic change between West China and East China, another possible cause isthat the greenhouse effect of CO_2 may already be recognizable in the Dunde Ice Cap a     

中国全新世大暖期鼎盛阶段的气候与环境

本文根据孢粉、古土壤、古湖泊、冰芯、考古、海面等变化,重建了全新世大暖期鼎盛阶段(7.2—6.0kaBP)的气候与环境。恢复了大暖期盛期的植被带、气温、降水以及海面变化等。认为其时华南温度比今高1℃,长江流域高2℃,华北、东北以及西北可能高3℃,青藏高原南部达4—5℃,冬季升温幅度更大于年平均温度。百年级的增暖相伴夏季风的扩张和冬季寒潮的衰退,植被带北迁西移,内蒙、新疆、青海和西藏普遍出现高湖面指示着降水量有较大幅度的增长。中国东部则在6.5—5.0kaBP间出现全新世中的最高海面,约高于现今1—3m,导致沿海地区约7×10~4km~2被海水所淹,达到全新世最大海侵范围。     

高分辨电感耦合等离子体质谱仪测定中亚山地冰川雪冰中超痕量元素

在超净实验条件下,利用高分辨电感耦合等离子体质谱仪直接测定雪冰样品中浓度在1ng/L~100μg/L之间的多种超痕量元素Al、Fe、Mn、Co、Cu、Zn、Sr、Sb、Cd、CsBa、Tl、Pb和Bi的实验方法进展。在测定过程中灵敏度的变化可通过监测ArAr质谱峰的变化进行校正,并建立了数学校正公式。以1%HNO3为空白溶液获得了各元素的检出限(ng/L)分别为:Al40、Mn6、Fe40、Co2.74、Cu9.6、Zn20、Sr0.03、Sb0.15、Cs0.04、Ba0.4、Tl0.07、Pb0.8和Bi0.05。利用标准参考物质SLRS-4对测试方法的准确度进行了评价。研究了在硝酸含量分别为0.5%、1%、2%和4%时雪冰中超痕量元素质谱信号强度的变化特点。测定结果发现,对于污化层样品,当硝酸的含量为1%时痕量元素的质谱信号强度最大;对于非污化层样品,痕量元素的质谱信号强度在硝酸含量为0.5%时较大,但与硝酸含量为1%时的质谱信号强度相比变化率小于10%。结合中亚山地冰川雪冰中痕量元素浓度差别大的特点,确定硝酸在样品中的含量为1%为合适的酸度。并对卓奥友峰和珠穆朗玛峰雪坑样品进行了分析方法的重复性研究。     

古里雅冰帽气候环境记录

古里雅冰帽极低的冰温和冻结到冰床等特征决定了该冰帽贮存了理想的气候环境记录。氧同位素、微粒含量、阴离子、阳离子等参数清楚的年际和季节循环特征,是该冰帽冰芯的高分辨率时间序列的准确断代的基础。冷期时稳定氧同位素值减少、微粒含量和各被测化学元素增加,而暖期时稳定氧同位素值增大、微粒含量和各被测化学元素减少的特征以及各种突发事件记录的合理解释将是系统恢复该冰帽所记录的各种气候环境的钥匙。古里雅冰芯记录表明,80年代中后期在这里发生的气候变暖是过去几十年最强烈的一次。     

Climates and Environments of the Holocene Mega thermal Maximum in China

Based on data from palynology, paleosols, paleolimnology, ice core, archeology, sea levels, etc. , we reconstructed climates and environments of the Holocene Megathermal maximum (7. 2-6. 0 ka B. P. ), particularly vegetation zones, temperatures, precipitation and sea-level fluctuations. Annual mean temperature during that period was estimated at 1 ℃ higher than today for South China, 2 ℃ higher for the Changjiang River Valley, about 3℃ higher for North China, Northeast China and Northwest China and up to 4 - 5 ℃ higher for southern Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. Relative winter temperatures increased much more than average annual temperatures. The centennial-scale warming was accompanied by the expansion of summer monsoon and recession of winter cold currents as well as northward and westward shift of vegetation zones. Higher lake levels registered in all inland lakes of Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang, Qinghai and Xizang indicated that precipitation increased to a certain extent. The Holocene highest sea level i     

FLUCTUATIONS AND FUTURE TREND OF CLIMATE, GLACIERS AND DISCHARGE OF ■R■MQI RIVER IN XINJIANG

Based on the analyses of various data available of the rümqi River, Xinjiang, it is found that the warming trend of the climate in recent years is mainly accompanied by the decrease in precipitation, discharge, and glacial mass balance. Since the Little Ice Age, the temperature has increased by 0.5—1.0℃, while the precipitation, glacial volume and annual discharge have decreased by 50 mm, 41% and 11%, respectively. It is possible that the trend would last for the next 10—15 years.     

中国全新世大暖期的气候波动与重要事件

根据70年代以来中国全新世孢粉及其他古植物、古动物、古土壤、古湖泊、冰芯、考古、海岸带变化等多方面研究资料,推断中国全新世大暖期(Megathermal)出现于8。5—3ka BP,延续达5.5ka,其间有多次剧烈的气候波动与寒冷事件。8.5—7.2ka BP为不稳定的暖、冷波动阶段,伴随着降水增加和植被带的北迁西移。新石器文化的迅速发展。7.2—6ka BP为稳定的暖湿阶段,即大暖期的鼎盛阶段(Megathemal Maximum)。夏季风降水及新疆与蒙古,北方降水显著增加,植被空前繁茂,为仰韶文化的盛期。6—5ka BP是气候波动剧烈,环境较差的阶段,出现强降温事件,影响文化发展。5ka BP后,气候和环境较前改善,文化遗址数量猛增。4.0ka BP左右,气候一度恶化,出现大洪水灾害,此后直到3ka BP左右气候仍相当暖湿。     

THE MICROPARTICLE CONCENTRATION MEASUREMENT AND ITS CLIMATIC IMPLICATIONS IN AN ICE CORE FROM COAST AREA,ANTARCTICA

The microparticle concentration in an ice core from coast area, East Antarctica, has been measured by a Coulter counter and optic counting. It is proposed in the present paper that the microparticle concentrations in different areas are different, especially from the coast to the inland in Antarctica. After its comparison with microparticle concentrations from other cores, it is also proposed that there is a lag between the coldest climate (i. e. 18 ka B. P.) and the highest microparticle concentration.     

提高原子吸收光谱仪测定冰雪样品的灵敏度

冰雪样品离子含量低,用原子吸收光谱测定阳离子,有些离子不能得到满意的结果,改用撞击球替代绕流器雾化,通过一系列试验对比,结果Ｃａ＾＋吸光度提高１．２倍,解决了冰雷样品离子含量低,测定难的问题。     

敦德冰芯记录与过去5ka温度变化

本文基于敦德冰芯δ~18O的实验室资料,首次讨论了中国西部地区5ka时间尺度上的气候变化。讨论结果表明,距今3ka左右是过去5ka中气候变化的一个界限:在此之前,以温暖气候为主,在此以后,气候趋于变冷。在过去5ka中最寒冷期是1000aA。D左右,而不是小冰期。敦德冰芯中13世纪左右暖期的记录是西部地区的首次发现。敦德冰芯记录还发现“隋唐温暖期”在这个地区是以寒冷气候为特征的。此外,敦德冰芯记录与竺可桢温度曲线,北半球温度变化具有广泛一致性。