中国全新世大暖期鼎盛阶段的气候与环境

本文根据孢粉、古土壤、古湖泊、冰芯、考古、海面等变化,重建了全新世大暖期鼎盛阶段(7.2—6.0kaBP)的气候与环境。恢复了大暖期盛期的植被带、气温、降水以及海面变化等。认为其时华南温度比今高1℃,长江流域高2℃,华北、东北以及西北可能高3℃,青藏高原南部达4—5℃,冬季升温幅度更大于年平均温度。百年级的增暖相伴夏季风的扩张和冬季寒潮的衰退,植被带北迁西移,内蒙、新疆、青海和西藏普遍出现高湖面指示着降水量有较大幅度的增长。中国东部则在6.5—5.0kaBP间出现全新世中的最高海面,约高于现今1—3m,导致沿海地区约7×10~4km~2被海水所淹,达到全新世最大海侵范围。     

Climates and Environments of the Holocene Mega thermal Maximum in China

Based on data from palynology, paleosols, paleolimnology, ice core, archeology, sea levels, etc. , we reconstructed climates and environments of the Holocene Megathermal maximum (7. 2-6. 0 ka B. P. ), particularly vegetation zones, temperatures, precipitation and sea-level fluctuations. Annual mean temperature during that period was estimated at 1 ℃ higher than today for South China, 2 ℃ higher for the Changjiang River Valley, about 3℃ higher for North China, Northeast China and Northwest China and up to 4 - 5 ℃ higher for southern Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. Relative winter temperatures increased much more than average annual temperatures. The centennial-scale warming was accompanied by the expansion of summer monsoon and recession of winter cold currents as well as northward and westward shift of vegetation zones. Higher lake levels registered in all inland lakes of Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang, Qinghai and Xizang indicated that precipitation increased to a certain extent. The Holocene highest sea level i     

FLUCTUATIONS AND FUTURE TREND OF CLIMATE, GLACIERS AND DISCHARGE OF ■R■MQI RIVER IN XINJIANG

Based on the analyses of various data available of the rümqi River, Xinjiang, it is found that the warming trend of the climate in recent years is mainly accompanied by the decrease in precipitation, discharge, and glacial mass balance. Since the Little Ice Age, the temperature has increased by 0.5—1.0℃, while the precipitation, glacial volume and annual discharge have decreased by 50 mm, 41% and 11%, respectively. It is possible that the trend would last for the next 10—15 years.     

中国全新世大暖期的气候波动与重要事件

根据70年代以来中国全新世孢粉及其他古植物、古动物、古土壤、古湖泊、冰芯、考古、海岸带变化等多方面研究资料,推断中国全新世大暖期(Megathermal)出现于8。5—3ka BP,延续达5.5ka,其间有多次剧烈的气候波动与寒冷事件。8.5—7.2ka BP为不稳定的暖、冷波动阶段,伴随着降水增加和植被带的北迁西移。新石器文化的迅速发展。7.2—6ka BP为稳定的暖湿阶段,即大暖期的鼎盛阶段(Megathemal Maximum)。夏季风降水及新疆与蒙古,北方降水显著增加,植被空前繁茂,为仰韶文化的盛期。6—5ka BP是气候波动剧烈,环境较差的阶段,出现强降温事件,影响文化发展。5ka BP后,气候和环境较前改善,文化遗址数量猛增。4.0ka BP左右,气候一度恶化,出现大洪水灾害,此后直到3ka BP左右气候仍相当暖湿。     

气候变化对青海湖水情的影响——Ⅰ.近30年时期的分析

本文以青海湖作例,分析了近30年时期青海湖流域的气候振动和水文变化,并利用水量平衡模型描述了气候变化对湖泊水情不可低估的影响,指出冷湿气候和暖干气候分别是湖泊扩张和萎缩的主要推动者,而环流异常分析及其诊断计算则表明,流域气候变化与大气环流的异常存在着密切关系。     

The Climatic Fluctuation and Important Events of Holocene Megathermal in China

Data from various sources including the ice core, inland lakes , paleosols in loess and eolian sands, sea level fluctuations, paleozoological, archeological evidences especially palynology and bontanical studies of China are reviewed . Holocene Megathermal mainly appeared during 8. 5-3 ka BP and lasted for 5. 5 ka. There were several strong climatic fluctuations and cooling events during this period, e. g. it was an unstable temperature fluctuation phase during 8. 5-7. 2 ka BP and was accompanied with the increase of the precipitation as well as the northward and westward migration of the vegetation zone ; the rapid development of Neolithic Culture happened in this phase. It was a stable warm and wet phase from 7. 2 to 6 ka BP, i. e. Megathermal Maximum, when monsoon was rainfall almost throughout China, plants were unprecedentedly flourished, and the Yangshao Culture reached its climax. It is characterized by strong climatic fluctuation and adverse environment during 6-5 ka BP and the impact of strong