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With 40 years of development, bio-macromolecule cryo-electron microscopy(cryo-EM) has completed its revolution in terms of resolution and currently plays a highly important role in structural biology study. According to different specimen states, cryo-EM involves three specific techniques: single-particle analysis(SPA), electron tomography and subtomogram averaging, and electron diffraction. None of these three techniques have realized their full potential for solving the structures of bio-macromolecules and therefore need additional development. In this review, the current existing bottlenecks of cryo-EM SPA are discussed with theoretical analysis, which include the air–water interface during specimen cryo-vitrification, bio-macromolecular conformational heterogeneity, focus gradient within thick specimens, and electron radiation damage. Furthermore, potential solutions of these bottlenecks worthy of further investigation are proposed and discussed. 相似文献
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基于岩石材料脆性断裂模型分析,从提高炸药能量向岩石断裂表面能转换效率的角度,提出采用预切槽和多点聚能射流冲击岩石进行裂纹引导与扩展,实现岩石定向劈裂。设计了一种可用于岩石劈裂的聚能装药,利用数值计算方法研究了岩石类脆性材料在聚能射流冲击作用下的定向劈裂机制,并计算比较了不同形状金属杆射流对岩体的冲击劈裂效果。分析计算该聚能装药射流形成与岩石的侵彻断裂过程,得出用于岩石劈裂的最佳聚能装药结构与炸高。实验成功用2枚聚能装药将岩石试块按预制方向劈裂,测试获得的岩石表面应力峰值约0.5~0.8 MPa。结果表明,采用该聚能装药在25 mm炸高下能够形成长径比约1∶3的楔形金属杆射流,沿着控界面预先设计的切槽方向,多点设置聚能装药,同时起爆后形成楔形金属杆射流冲击岩石,产生了较好的定向劈裂效果。该方法将爆炸能量精准导入控界面并有效地转换成岩石断裂表面能,从而提升了岩石定向劈裂的效果及炸药的能量利用率,研究结果可为大范围岩体开挖精确控界爆破切割装置设计及降低工程爆破危害提供参考。 相似文献
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许多中国公司无法通过IPO海外上市,转而谋求买壳上市。福麟国际大胆创新买壳上市之路,采用IPL模式成功登陆纳斯达克,个中操作技巧颇值得借鉴。 相似文献
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新课标要求初中数学教学要创设积极、愉快的教学氛围,调动学生学习数学的兴趣,提高学习数学的积极性,让学生在愉悦的情境下,积极主动、轻松愉悦地参与学习,让他们从多个角度思考探究数学题的奥秘,由被动变为主动学习,实现数学学习的高效性. 相似文献
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Using the effective Hamiltonian method, we analyze the B0-B0 mixing in the extension of the standard model (SM) where baryon number and lepton number are local gauge symmetries. The numerical results indicate the correction from the extra particles to the mass difference ArnB is significant. There is a 60% enhancement compared to the SM prediction for AraB at most, which agrees with the current experimental result. 相似文献
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