红外热像仪参数的双黑体测量装置

对红外热像仪参数双黑体测量装置的工作原理进行了介绍。装置采用双黑体及反射型靶标为温差辐射源，可实现黑体温度温差准直辐射的定期校准和红外热像仪参数测量量值的溯源，也可实现红外热像仪参数的可控性，以及对它进行稳定的、可复现的精确测量。推导出利用红外热像仪参数双黑体测量装置测量信号传递函数SiTF数学模型，分析了红外热像仪参数测量装置的客观因素——仪器常数，针对仪器常数对SiTF测量的影响进行了试验。试验结果表明，仪器常数对红外热像仪SiTF参数测量精度影响较大，并同时影响时域与空域NETD及3D噪声的准确测量。     

胶原纤维固化黑荆树单宁吸附V(V)的研究

研究了胶原纤维固化黑荆树单宁对V(V)的吸附。采用不同温度、pH值等条件进行吸附研究,并进一步探讨了固化黑荆树单宁的吸附动力学和吸附柱动力学及其吸附机理。结果表明,该材料对V(V)的吸附平衡符合Freund lich方程,温度对吸附平衡的影响不明显;吸附动力学可用拟二级速度方程来描述,该材料同时具有良好的柱动力学特性;V(V)的吸附过程可能存在三个反应,即V(V)与吸附剂之间发生氧化还原反应生成V(IV),V(IV)和-COOH之间发生离子交换反应,以及V(IV)与单宁的邻位羟基发生螯合。     

N(2,2,0)代数的稳定化子与同余分解

为了深入研究N(2,2,0)代数的代数结构,首先利用代数的推理方法进一步研究了N(2,2,0)代数的稳定化子,改进了以前学者的部分结果,然后利用稳定化子建立了一种同余关系,给出了N(2,2,0)代数的同余分解,证明了其商代数仍是N(2,2,0)代数,并获得了自然同态下一类逆像的代数结构和性质.     

单块晶体集成的N×N纵横开关网络及其控制算法

设计了一种单块晶体集成的n×n纵横开关(Crossbar)网络。通过综合考虑晶体的双折射和全内双反射现象,以及晶体的电光效应,将构成n×n纵横开关网络的所有单元器件都集成到一块具有电光效应的双折射晶体上。同时,给出了该网络的控制算法,通过对开关工作状态的控制,可以实现任意输入输出通道之间的无阻塞连接。这种单块晶体集成的纵横开关网络具有能量损耗低、无阻塞、易安装、抗干扰等优点,适合于全光网络发展的需要。     

High Power Continuous-Wave and Acousto-Optic Q-Switched Nd：GdVO4 Laser Operated at 912 nm

We present a high power and efficient operation of the ^4F3/2 → ^4I9/2 transition in Nd：GdVO4 at 912nm. In the cw mode, the maximum output power of 8.6 W is achieved when the incident pump power is 40.3 W, leading to a slope efficiency of 33.3% and an optical-optical efficiency of 21.3%. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest cw laser power at 912nm obtained with the conventional Nd：GdVO4 crystal. Pulsed operation of 912nm laser has also been realized by inserting a small aeousto-optie （A-O） Q-Switch inside the resonator. As a result, the minimal pulse width of 20ns and the average laser power 1.43 W at the repetition rate of lOkHz are obtained, corresponding to 7.1 kW peak power. We believe that this is the highest laser peak power at 912nm. Furthermore, duration of 65ns has also been acquired when the repetition rate is 100 kHz.     

初始应力下岩体爆破损伤特性及破裂机理

钻爆法在岩体开挖工程中应用广泛,其工作效率与岩体结构及地质环境密切相关。初始应力会显著影响岩体爆破裂纹的扩展行为及破坏特征,导致深部岩体超/欠挖等问题。本文采用理论分析和数值模拟相结合的方法研究了不同初始应力下岩体的爆破损伤特性及破裂机理。基于弹性力学建立单孔爆破动静组合理论模型,分析了静态应力分布及动态应力演化特征,揭示了初始应力作用下岩体爆破损伤机制。通过经验公式及动态力学试验对RiedelHiermaier-Thoma (RHT)模型参数进行标定与修正,并结合室内爆破实验及理论结果对数值模型进行验证。此外,在单孔爆破数值模型中分析了爆炸压力演化规律、裂纹扩展行为及分形特征,结果表明数值模拟结果可以较好地论证理论模型的合理性。研究发现：环向拉应力是影响爆破裂纹扩展的重要因素,当初始应力较大时,合理调整环向应力分布可改善岩体爆破碎裂效果,实际工程中可结合预裂技术进行地压调控改变应力分布。     

不耦合装药下岩石爆破块体尺寸的分布特征

通过不同装药结构下立方体红砂岩小型爆破实验,分析了岩石的损伤程度和破坏模式,同时引入三参数极值分布函数量化岩石爆破块体尺寸分布特征。此外,根据岩样R1的爆破实验结果进行了有限元数值模型验证,基于验证的模型展开了岩石单孔爆破损伤破裂行为的模拟,讨论了径向、轴向不耦合系数和耦合介质对岩石破碎效果的影响。结果表明,三参数极值分布函数可以较好地表征岩石爆破后破碎块体尺寸分布特征,块体平均尺寸随着不耦合系数的减小呈线性降低趋势,且破碎块度趋于均匀。通过比较不同耦合介质装药时岩石内部的能量分布特征和破坏体积发现,水作为耦合介质时,爆炸能量的传递效率最高,其次分别是湿砂和干砂,空气的能量传递效率最低。结合等效波阻法计算的理论应力透射系数可以很好地反映不耦合装药时岩石的破碎程度。     

爆炸位置对钛合金定向泄爆容器冲击响应的影响

研究了不同位置炸药爆炸作用下钛合金定向泄爆容器的冲击响应。通过试验与数值模拟,分析了100 g TNT炸药放置不同位置时容器的抗爆性能和冲击端头的飞行角度,并以限制罐体运动为目的,对罐体轴向受力进行了分析。研究表明：爆炸物位于轴线时,罐体产生弹性形变;紧贴内壁中间位置时,罐体外壁鼓包并贯穿开裂;紧贴内壁近端头处时,罐体外壁凸起。100 g TNT炸药作用下,冲击端头出口速度均值为124.45 m/s、最大偏角为2.3°,且爆炸物位置对端头出口速度影响较小。爆炸物位于轴线前、后端时,轴向力较爆炸物位于轴线中心时分别增大173%和116%。该研究可为民机定向泄爆容器及连接结构设计提供参考。     

The thermal effect in diode-end-pumped continuous-wave 914-nm Nd:YVO4 laser

The thermal effect and the heat generation in diode-end-pumped continuous-wave 914-nm Nd:YVO₄ lasers are investigated in detail. A theoretical model of a diode end-pumped solid-state laser is constructed to analyse the influence of fractional thermal loading on the thermal effect in the Nd:YVO₄ laser based on finite element analysis. The thermal focal lengths and the end-surface deformations of laser rods in Nd:YVO₄ quasi-three-level and four-level lasers are measured and compared with the results obtained by ordinary interferometry for the demonstration of higher thermal loading in 914-nm laser. Finally the fractional thermal loading in the Nd:YVO₄ quasi-three-level laser is calculated by matching the experimental and the simulated end deformations.     

Biomechanical behaviors of dragonfly wing: relationship between configuration and deformation

In this paper, the natural structures of a dragonfly wing, including the corrugation of the chordwise cross-section, the sandwich microstructure veins, and the junctions between the vein and the membrane, have been investigated with experimental observations, and the morphological parameters of these structural features are measured. The experimental result indicates that the corrugated angle among the longitudinal veins ranges from 80° to 150°, and the sandwiched microstructure vein mainly consists of chitin and protein layers. Meanwhile, different finite element models, which include models I and I^* for the planar forewings, models II and II^* for the corrugated forewings, and a submodel with solid veins and membranes, are created to investigate the effects of these structural features on the natural frequency/modal, the dynamical behaviors of the flapping flight, and the deformation mechanism of the forewings. The numerical results indicate that the corrugated forewing has a more reasonable natural frequency/modal, and the first order up-down flapping frequency of the corrugated wing is closer to the experimental result (about 27.00 Hz), which is significantly larger than that of the planar forewing (10.94 Hz). For the dynamical responses, the corrugated forewing has a larger torsional angle than the planar forewing, but a lower flapping angle. In addition, the sandwich microstructure veins can induce larger amplitudes of torsion deformation, because of the decreasing stiffness of the whole forewing. For the submodel of the forewing, the average stress of the chitin layer is much larger than that of the protein layer in the longitudinal veins. These simulative methods assist us to explain the flapping flight mechanism of the dragonfly and to design a micro aerial vehicle by automatically adjusting the corrugated behavior of the wing.