Treatment of Pea Seeds with Plasma Activated Water to Enhance Germination,Plant Growth,and Plant Composition

Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing - The present study has been carried to investigate the interaction and effect of plasma activated water (PAW) on pea seeds. PAW is produced with the...     

Microstructure dependent dynamic fracture analyses of trabecular bone based on nascent bone atomistic simulations

Trabecular bone fracture is closely related to the trabecular architecture, microdamage accumulation, and bone tissue properties. Primary constituents of trabecular tissue are hydroxyapatite (HA) mineralized type-I collagen fibers. In this research, dynamic fracture in two dimensional (2-D) micrographs of ovine (sheep) trabecular bone is modeled using the mesoscale cohesive finite element method (CFEM). The bone tissue fracture properties are obtained based on the atomistic strength analyses of a type-I collagen + HA interfacial arrangement using molecular dynamics (MD). Analyses show that the presented framework is capable of analyzing the architecture dependent fracture in 2-D micrographs of trabecular bone.     

Self-organized ZnAl2O4 nanostructures grown on -sapphire

Self-organized ZnAl₂O₄ nanostructures with the appearance (in SEM) of high aspect ratio horizontal nanowires are grown on uncatalysed c-sapphire by vapour phase transport. The nanostructures grow as three equivalent crystallographic variants on c-sapphire. Raman and cathodoluminescence spectroscopy confirm that the nanostructures are not ZnO and TEM shows that they are the cubic spinel, zinc aluminate, ZnAl₂O₄, formed by the reaction of Zn and O with the sapphire substrate.     

Why chaos is rarely observed in natural populations

An attempt has been made to understand why chaotic dynamics have received poor evidential support from field studies. Our study opens up the possibility that the cause of failure might not be poor quality of data, as pointed out by earlier authors, but an ecological reality. We have designed two model food chains to examine whether there is a biological basis for the crisis. This investigation is effected with the help of a new method which we introduce at an appropriate place in the text. The fact that chaos exists in a narrow range of parametric values in both the model systems suggests that the crisis indeed has a biological origin.     

LC-MS–MS Determination of Pregabalin in Human Plasma

A rapid, sensitive and specific method to quantify pregabalin in human plasma using metaxalone as the internal standard is described. Sample preparation involved simple protein precipitation by using acetronitrile as solvent. The extract was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS–MS). Chromatography was performed isocratically on Thermo Hypurity C₁₈ 5 μm analytical column, (50 mm × 4.6 mm i.d.). The assay of pegabalin was linear calibration curve over the range 10.000–10000.000 ng mL^?1. The lower limit of quantification was 10.000 ng mL^?1 in plasma. The method was successfully applied to the bioequivalence study of pregabalin capsules (150.0 mg) administered as a single oral dose.     

Studies on ion association. Calorimetric study of the formation of monoazido complexes of Ni(II), Zn(II) and Cd(II)

From rehydration experiments the hydrates Ba(OH)₂ · 8 H₂O, Ba(OH)₂ · 3 H₂O β-Ba(OH)₂, · 1 H₂O, and γ-Ba(OH)₂ · 1 H₂O have been found in the system Ba(OH)₂-H₂O. Thermoanalytical measurements (DTA, TG, DTG, high temperature X-ray diffraction, high temperature Raman scattering) on these hydrates are reported. Thermal decomposition of Ba(OH)₂ · 8 H₂O and Ba(OH)₂ · 3 H₂O always results in the formation of β-Ba(OH)₂ · 1 H₂O, the stable form of the monohydrates at ambient temperature. Dehydration of β- and γ-Ba(OH)₂ · 1 H₂O, both of which form anhydrous β-Ba(OH)₂ as the first product of decomposition, starts at 105 and 115°C, respectively. Single crystals of Ba(OH)₂ · 3 H₂O and γ-Ba(OH)₂ · 1 H₂O were prepared from Ba(OH)₂ · 8 H₂O meltings and from ethanolic solutions of Ba(OH)₂ , respectively. The crystal data are: Ba(OH)₂ · 3 H₂O (orthorhombic, Pnma): a = 764.0(2), b = 1140,3(5), c = 596.5(1) pm, Z = 4; γ-Ba(OH)₂ · 1 H₂O (monoclinic, P2₁/m or P2₁): a = 704.9(2), b = 418.4(1), c = 633.3(1) pm, β = 111.45(2)°, Z = 2.     

Products active on mosquitoes,IV: Synthesis and biological activity of 8-propargyloxy-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienyl/6-octenyl ethers

Summary A series of 8-proparglyoxy-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienyl and 8-propargyloxy-3,7-dimethyl-6-octenyl ethers were prepared from 8-hydroxygeranyl and 8-hydroxycitronellyl ethers, respectively. Almost all compounds showed high toxicity toCulex quinquefaciatus larvae at 1 mgl^–1 dose level.

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Gegen Mücken aktive Produkte, 4. Mitt.: Synthese und biologische Aktivität von 8-Propargyloxy-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienyl/6-octenyl-ethern

Zusammenfassung Eine Reihe von 8-Propargyloxy-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienyl- und 8-propargyloxy-3,7-dimethyl-6-octenyl-ethern wurden aus 8-Hydroxygeranyl- bzw. 8-Hydroxycitronellyl-ethern hergestellt. Fast alle Verbindungen zeigten hoch Toxizität gegenüber Larven vonCulex quinquefaciatus in einer Dosierung von 1 mgl^–1.

     

Vinylsulfonylethyl derivatives of nucleic acid bases and their graft polymers on polyethyleneimine

Vinylsulfonylethyl (VSE) derivatives of the nucleic acid bases adenine, thymine, cytosine, and the nucleosides inosine and uridine have been prepared via a simple Michael reaction with divinyl sulfone. The VSE derivatives were grafted on a polyethyleneimine (PEI) backbone. PEI of different molecular weights (1400, 1800 and 50,000–100,000) were used and also two different molar ratios (1:1 and 1:2) of monomer to PEI were employed. From the ¹H-NMR and elemental analysis, it appeared that in almost all instances the grafting was quantitative. In one case, both 1-VSE-thymine and 9-VSE-adenine were grafted on the same PEI backbone. Interactions between some of these polymers were investigated by UV spectroscopy. The expected complementary base pairing was observed only in DMSO–ethylene glycol solvent system but not in DMSO. The adenine polymer showed a one-to-one interaction with the thymine polymer.     

Model Compounds for Iron Proteins. Structures and Magnetic, Spectroscopic, and Redox Properties of Fe(III)M(II) and [Co(III)Fe(III)](2)O Complexes with (&mgr;-Carboxylato)bis(&mgr;-phenoxo)dimetalate and (&mgr;-Oxo)diiron(III) Cores

A series of heterobimetallic complexes of the type [Fe(III)M(II)L(&mgr;-OAc)(OAc)(H(2)O)](ClO(4)).nH(2)O (2-5) and [{Fe(III)Co(III)L(&mgr;-OAc)(OAc)}(2)(&mgr;-O)](ClO(4))(2).3H(2)O (6) where H(2)L is a tetraaminodiphenol macrocyclic ligand and M(II) = Zn(2), Ni(3), Co(4), and Mn(5) have been synthesized and characterized. The (1)H NMR spectrum of 6 exhibits all the resonances between 1 and 12 ppm. The IR and UV-vis spectra of 2-5 indicate that in all the cases the metal ions have similar coordination environments. A disordered crystal structure determined for 3 reveals the presence of a (&mgr;-acetate)bis(&mgr;-phenoxide)-Ni(II)Fe(III) core, in which the two metal ions have 6-fold coordination geometry and each have two amino nitrogens and two phenolate oxygens as the in-plane donors; aside from the axial bridging acetate, the sixth coordination site of nickel(II) is occupied by the unidentate acetate and that of iron(III) by a water molecule. The crystal structure determination of 6 shows that the two heterobinuclear Co(III)Fe(III) units are bound by an Fe-O-Fe linkage. 6 crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Ibca with a = 17.577(4) ?, b = 27.282(7) ?, c = 28.647(6) ?, and Z = 8. The two iron(III) centers in 6 are strongly antiferromagnetically coupled, J = -100 cm(-1) (H = -2JS(1).S(2)), whereas the other two S(1) = S(2) = (5)/(2) systems, viz. [Fe(2)(III)(HL)(2)(&mgr;-OH)(2)](ClO(4))(2) (1) and the Fe(III)Mn(II) complex (5), exhibit weak antiferromagnetic exchange coupling with J = -4.5 cm(-1) (1) and -1.8 cm(-1) (5). The Fe(III)Ni(II) (3) and Fe(III)Co(II) (4) systems, however, exhibit weak ferromagnetic behavior with J = 1.7 cm(-1) (3) and 4.2 cm(-1) (4). The iron(III) center in 2-5 exhibits quasi-reversible redox behavior between -0.44 and -0.48 V vs Ag/AgCl associated with reduction to iron(II). The oxidation of cobalt(II) in 4 occurs quasi-reversibly at 0.74 V, while both nickel(II) and manganese(II) in 3 and 5 undergo irreversible oxidation at 0.85 V. The electrochemical reduction of 6 leads to the generation of 4.