Effect of time, temperature, and kinetics on the hysteretic adsorption-desorption of H2, Ar, and N2 in the metal-organic framework Zn2(bpdc)2(bpee)

The intriguing hysteretic adsorption-desorption behavior of certain microporous metal-organic frameworks (MMOFs) has received considerable attention and is often associated with a gate-opening (GO) effect. Here, the hysteretic adsorption of N(2) and Ar to Zn(2)(bpdc)(2)(bpee) (bpdc = 4,4'-biphenyldicarboxylate; bpee = 1,2-bipyridylethene) shows a pronounced effect of allowed experimental time at 77 and 87 K. When the time allowed is on the order of minutes for N(2) at 77 K, no adsorption is observed, whereas times in excess of 60 h is required to achieve appreciable adsorption up to a limiting total coverage. Given sufficient time, the total uptake for N(2) and Ar converged at similar reduced temperatures, but the adsorption of Ar was significantly more rapid than that of N(2), an observation that can be described by activated configurational diffusion. N(2) and Ar both exhibited discontinuous stepped adsorption isotherms with significant hysteresis, features that were dependent upon the allowed time. The uptake of H(2) at 77 K was greater than for both N(2) and Ar but showed no discontinuity in the isotherm, and hysteretic effects were much less pronounced. N(2) and Ar adsorption data can be described by an activated diffusion process, with characteristic times leading to activation energies of 6.7 and 12 kJ/mol. Fits of H(2) adsorption data led to activation energies in the range 2-7 kJ/mol at low coverage and nonactivated diffusion at higher coverage. An alternate concentration-dependent diffusion model is presented to describe the stepwise adsorption behavior, which is observed for N(2) and Ar but not for H(2). Equilibrium is approached very slowly for adsorption to molecularly sized pores at low temperature, and structural change (gate opening), although it may occur, is not required to explain the observations.     

New99mTc-diiodine substituted IDA derivative (DIIODIDA) for hepatobiliary imaging

A new diiodine substituted IDA derivative, 2,4-diiodine-6-methyl IDA (DIIODIDA) was synthesized and labeled with^99mTc. It was established that^99mTc-DIIODIDA had high radiochemical purity. Biodistribution and influence of bilirubin on^99mTc-DIIODIDA biokinetics has been studied in rats and compared to the corresponding results for^99mTc-SOLCOIODIDA. Related to^99mTc-SOLCOIODIDA,^99mTc-DIIODIDA has much better biliary exretion (55.18 versus 43.63%). No change of^99mTc-DIIODIDA biokinetics, under influence of bilirubin was noticed. Biliary excretion of^99mTc-SOLCOIODIDA has been reduced for about 60%. The protein binding of^99mTc-DIIODIDA and^99mTc-SOLCOIODIDA were also determined, using in vitro method of precipitation. These results showed that^99mTc-DIIODIDA hepatobiliary imaging agent is superior to the presently used^99mTc-monoiodine IDA derivatives.     

Generation of minimal protein identifiers of proteins from two-dimensional gels and recombinant proteins

We describe the technical feasibility and methodology to characterize a protein by a minimal set of structural information generated by matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI)-mass spectrometry, termed a "minimal protein Identifier" (MPI). MPIs can be determined for proteins from two-dimensional gels and recombinant proteins and can be used to compare and identify proteins from these sources.     

一般n阶特征量泛函的Euler-Lagrange方程及与定量因果原理、相对性原理和广义牛顿三定律的统一

本文获得了有各种相互作用的一般n阶特征量泛函,其耦合系数反映了不同特征量泛函之间的耦合强度.依据定量因果原理,导出了一般n阶特征量泛函的变分原理,获得了一般n阶特征量泛函的Euler-Lagrange方程,它的不同系数可拟合不同的物理现实,如从线性到任意n阶非线性物理系统,使复杂难解的任意n阶非线性物理系统变得具体可解.并获得了该对称变换下不变的m个的守恒量,以及它们之间的关系和统一描述.依据定量因果原理导出了相对性原理,证明了绝对加速参考系、牵连参考系和相对参考系的力都有来自加速度和质量变化的贡献.利用定量因果原理自然导出了广义牛顿第一定律和广义牛顿第二定律,而且还导出了一个新定律,即广义牛顿第三定律,亦即平移不变性系统合力为零定理.进而将研究结论应用于对银河系的修正引力势、分子势、夸克禁闭势等,且其结果与物理实验一致.