“探究式”教学在大学物理实验中的应用探索

探究式大学物理实验教学是培养学生自主创新和科学探究能力的重要途径。本文分析了传统大学物理实验教学存在的问题,论证了大学物理实验开展探究式教学的可行性,并以培养创新型人才为教学目标,结合石油学科特色,从课程体系构建、教学模式探索、教学内容改革、师资队伍培养、网络资源建设、评价体系完善、硬件设施配套等七个方面详细论述了实施探究式大学物理实验教学所采取的具体措施。     

HF~+离子在旋轨耦合作用下电子态的特性

采用多组态准简并微扰理论对旋轨耦合作用下HF+离子的基态X2Πi和第一激发态A2Σ+的性质进行了研究,得到了电子态X2Π3/2和2Π1/2的垂直跃迁能v[2Π1/2(v=0)→X2Π3/2(v=0)]=285.176 cm-1,以及电子态X2Π3/2和2Π1/2的势能曲线;采用Murrell-Sorbie函数和最小二乘法拟合得到了这两个分裂电子态的解析势能函数;并在此基础上推导出了电子态X2Π3/2,2Π1/2和A2Σ+的光谱常数,而且首次给出了分裂电子态X2Π3/2和2Π1/2的解析势能函数和光谱数据.     

Theoretical study of stereodynamics for the D'+DS(ν = 0,j = 0)→D'D+S abstraction reaction

Quasiclassical trajectory (QCT) calculations have been performed for the abstraction reaction, D' +DS(v = 0, j = 0)→D'D+S on a new LZHH potential energy surface (PES) of the adiabatic 3A' electronic state [Lü et al. 2012 J. Chem. Phys. 136 094308]. The collision energy effect on the integral cross section and product polarization are studied over a wide collision energy range from 0.1 to 2.0 eV. The cross sections calculated by the QCT procedure are in good accordance with previous quantum wave packet results. The three angular distribution functions, P(θ_r), P(φ_r), and P(θ_r,φ_r), together with the four commonly used polarization-dependent differential cross sections ((2π/σ)(ds₀₀/dω_t), (2π/σ)(ds₂₀/dω_t), (2π/σ)(ds₂₂₊/dω_t), (2π/σ)(ds_21-/dω_t)) are obtained to gain insight into the chemical stereodynamics of the title reaction. Influences of the collision energy on the product polarization are exhibited and discussed.     

变质量冷却法测定油品比热容

电热法是油品比热容物理实验中一种常用的测量方法,实验中加热功率的不稳定因素导致输入总热量无法精确定量而给结果带来一定的误差.本文基于牛顿冷却定律,推导了不同质量油品测试样品的系统比热容与散热速度的关系,设计了通过改变被测油品的质量确定其比热容的测量方案.实验测量结果表明,冷却变质量法的测量相对误差可控制在3%以内,测量过程与数据处理简便且该方法完全不受加热功率不稳定因素的影响.     

以学生为中心物理实验教学模式的探索与实践

物理实验是高等学校实验教学的重要环节,对培养学生的科学素养、创新能力具有不可替代的地位和作用,实施以学生为中心的物理实验教学,构建"做中学、学中研、研中创"连动式物理实验研究性教学模式,注重实验过程,有效引导学生在做实验过程中自主学习,在自主学习过程中开展研究,在实验研究过程中追求创新。克服在实验过程中盲目单纯追求实验数据的被动学习方法,真正做到通过修读物理实验课程,让学生热爱基础学科,善于自主学习,培养科学思维和科学实验素质,提高学生实验创新能力,满足不同层次、不同专业学生实验需求。研究成果已经在本校系列物理实验课程教学中加以推广和应用,取得了不错的教学效果。     

Theoretical study of stereodynamics for the D'+ DS(v=0,j=0) → D'D + S abstraction reaction

Quasiclassical trajectory (QCT) calculations have been performed for the abstraction reaction, D'+ DS(v = 0, j = 0) → D'D + S on a new LZHH potential energy surface (PES) of the adiabatic 3 A electronic state [Lü et al. 2012 J. Chem. Phys. 136 094308]. The collision energy effect on the integral cross section and product polarization are studied over a wide collision energy range from 0.1 to 2.0 eV. The cross sections calculated by the QCT procedure are in good accordance with previous quantum wave packet results. The three angular distribution functions, P(θr), P(φr), and P(θr,φr), together with the four commonly used polarization-dependent differential cross sections ((2π/σ)(dσ00/dωt), (2π/σ)(dσ20/dωt), (2π/σ)(dσ22+/dωt), (2π/σ)(dσ21/dωt)) are obtained to gain insight into the chemical stereodynamics of the title reaction. Influences of the collision energy on the product polarization are exhibited and discussed.