大型航天器热管理系统分析技术研究

大型航天器热管理的一个重要内容就是从总体角度实现系统级的分析。本文以假想的空间实验室为例,数值模拟了该航天器热管理系统的温度分布。在此基础上,使用最速下降法,通过分析计算给出了冷凝干燥换热器温度控制在一定范围内,热管理系统的内外回路最小流量要求及低温内回路三个支路流量分配。后者寻找设计参数的分析过程和分析方法同样可以应用于敏感性分析、优化设计、实验参数修正等系统分析。总之,本文初步实现了热管理系统分析。     

Optical performance, structure and thermal stability of Al（lwt.-%Si）//Zr and Al（pure）//Zr multilayers designed for the 17-19 nm range

We report on the optical performance, structure and thermal stability of periodic multilayer films con- taining Zr and Al（lwt.-%Si） or Al（pure） layers designed for the use as extreme ultraviolet （EUV） high reflective mirrors in the range of 1~19 am. The comparison of A1/Zr （Al（lwt.-%Si）/Zr and Al（pure）/Zr） multilayers fabricated by direct-current magnetron sputtering shows that the optical and structural per- formances of two systems have much difference because of Si doped in A1. From the results of grazing incidence X-ray reflection （GIXR）, X-ray diffraction （XRD）, and EUV, the Si can disfavor the crystalliza- tion of AI and smooth the interface, consequently increase the reflectance of EUV in the Al（lwt.-%Si）/Zr systems. For the thermal stability of two systems, the first significant structural changes appear at 250 ~C. The interlayers are transformed from symmetrical to asymmetrical, where the Zr-on-A1 interlayers are thicker than Al-on-Zr interlayers. At 295 ~C for Al（pure）/Zr and 298 ~C for Al（lwt.-%Si）/Zr, the interfaces consist of amorphous Al-Zr alloy transform to polycrystalline Al-Zr alloy which can decrease the surface roughness and smooth the interfaces. Above 300 ~C, the interdiffusion becomes larger, which can enlarge the differences between Zr-on-Al and Al-on-Zr interlayers. Based on the analyses, the Si doped in Al cannot only influence the optical and structural performances of Al/Zr systems, but also impact the reaction temperatures in the annealing process.     

基于氢等离子体处理改善氢化非晶硅/晶体硅界面钝化效果的工艺研究

薄层a-Si∶H钝化技术对于提高硅异质结太阳能电池的效率至关重要,通常有三类工艺可显著改善a-Si∶H薄膜的钝化效果:晶硅表面湿化学处理(薄膜沉积前);氢等离子体处理(薄膜沉积过程中);后退火处理(薄膜沉积后).该论文基于等离子增强型化学气相沉积系统,采用氢等离子处理和后退火处理改善a-Si∶ H/c-Si界面的钝化效果,样品的有效少数载流子寿命最高达到1 ms,并研究了射频功率密度、腔体压力、氢气流量等工艺参数对钝化效果的影响;采用光发射谱、台阶仪等对氢等离子体处理所涉及的物理过程进行研究,得出该工艺对a-Si∶H薄膜具有刻蚀作用;根据钝化效果和刻蚀速率的关系,得出低刻蚀速率由于给予薄膜充足的时间进行结构弛豫或重构,显著改善钝化效果;基于快速热退火方法进一步改善钝化效果,采用傅里叶变换红外光谱对a-Si∶H薄膜的钝化机理进行研究,并基于化学退火模型进行讨论;采用透射电镜研究了a-Si∶ H/c-Si界面的微结构,并没有观测到影响钝化效果的外延生长.     

Influence of working gas pressure on the performance of W/Si multilayers

The effect of Ar pressure on the performance of W/Si multilayers is investigated. W/Si multilayers were deposited by a high vacuum DC magnetron sputtering system. The Ar pressure was changed from 1.0 to 5.0 mTorr with an interval of 1.0 mTorr during the deposition process. Electron probe microanalysis and Rutherford backscattering are performed to determine the Ar content incorporated within these multilayers. The results demonstrate that less Ar is incorporated within the sample when more Ar is used in the plasma, which could be explained by the increase of the collision probability and the decrease in the kinetic energy of Ar ions arriving at the substrate when more Ar exists. The grazing incident X-ray reflectivity (GIXR) at 0.154 nm is used to determine the structural parameters of the layers. The results show that the structures of these multilayers prepared at different Ar pressure are very similar and that the interface roughness increases quickly when the Ar pressure is higher than 3.0 mTorr. The measurements of the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) reflectivity indicate that the reflectivity decreases when Ar pressure increases. The fitting results of GIXR and EUV reflectivity curves indicate that with an increase of Ar pressure, the density and decrement of the refractive index are increased for W and decreased for Si, which is mainly due to (1) the decrease in Ar content incorporated within these multilayers which affects their performance and (2) the increase of collision probability for sputtered W and Si, the decrease of their average kinetic energy arriving at the substrate, and thus the loosing of their layers.