10 MeV同轴腔电子加速器辐射屏蔽设计

中国科学院近代物理研究所自主研制了一台同轴腔电子加速器,能产生10 MeV,10 mA的辐照电子束,建成后有望成为我国首台国产化的花瓣形电子辐照加速器。为保证该装置运行时的辐射安全,为今后同类型装置的辐射屏蔽设计提供参考,对该加速器开展了辐射屏蔽研究。首先结合装置的使用情况给出了一种地上为主机室地下为辐照室的半地下机房结构,然后采用蒙卡程序FLUKA计算了相关墙体的厚度。在蒙卡计算中,基于同轴腔加速器的束流损失特点,建立了适用于该类型装置的蒙卡源项输入模型,充分考虑了决定辐射场的主要束损点,同时设置相对简单。结果表明:在设定的屏蔽外剂量率目标下,以普通混凝土作为屏蔽材料,主机室的侧墙、顶板和辐照室顶板的厚度分别需要160～220,110～150,150 cm。     

325 MHz微波栅控高压型热阴极电子枪的设计研究

高重复频率、高平均流强的电子枪具有十分广泛的应用。设计了一台束团重复频率为325 MHz在CW模式工作的微波栅控高压型热阴极电子枪,并详细论述了该类型微波栅控电子枪的实验原理。在该类型电子枪的设计中,首先需要利用仿真模拟软件EGUN、POISSON（PoissonSuperfish）、GPT（General Particle Tracer）完成300 kV直流高压电子枪的结构设计,并进行束流动力学验证计算。为将微波馈入该直流电子枪的阴栅极之间,进行了该微波栅控电子枪的供电系统设计,完成了从射频功率源到同轴热阴极的阻抗匹配方案,设计了一种325 MHz双模式同轴供电器件,并进行了验证与分析。     

基于代数重建算法的高能电子三维成像研究

本工作将代数重建算法应用于新兴发展的高能电子成像技术开展三维成像研究,实现对样品靶物质内部结构信息的精确诊断。通过蒙特卡罗程序及粒子追踪程序模拟高能电子成像过程,包括电子束与靶物质相互作用过程,获得样品靶物质成像角度下的高能电子二维成像结果。利用代数迭代重建ART(Algebraic Reconstruction Technique)算法和滤波反投影算法分别进行了高能电子三维成像仿真测试,重建出靶物质的三维图像,并将两种算法重建的断层图像用图像评价指标进行了定量对比分析。结果表明:在投影角度数为180个的条件下,ART的重建结果更接近靶物质原图,能有效抑制伪影,图像保真度较高。为进一步验证模拟结果,展开了实际实验,得到的结论与模拟结果相同。本研究结果为后续高能电子三维成像重建算法的优化提供了依据。     

消色散270°偏转磁铁系统设计及束流动力学研究

对三种常用结构的270°偏转磁铁进行系统的分析研究,采用数值计算和模拟方法对双磁铁不对称偏转结构、三块90°磁铁偏转结构和70°+130°+70°偏转结构这三种不同的270°偏转磁铁系统进行模拟,给出偏转系统的消色散传输条件,并且分析了束流包络在偏转系统和出口管道中的变化情况。经过分析对比,详细列出了三种结构的优势与劣势。双磁铁不对称结构适用于医用加速器,三块90°磁铁偏转结构适用于需要在出口长距离漂移的辐照加速器,而70°+130°+70°偏转结构可以满足出口一定距离的无损漂移,同时实现相对较低的成本,是工业辐照加速器较为经济适宜的选择。     

Electric field simulation and measurement of a pulse line ion accelerator

An oil dielectric helical pulse line to demonstrate the principles of a Pulse Line Ion Accelerator (PLIA) has been designed and fabricated. The simulation of the axial electric field of an accelerator with CST code has been completed and the simulation results show complete agreement with the theoretical calculations. To fully understand the real value of the electric field excited from the helical line in PLIA, an optical electric integrated electric field measurement system was adopted. The measurement result shows that the real magnitude of axial electric field is smaller than that calculated, probably due to the actual pitch of the resister column which is much less than that of helix.     

Electromagnetic simulation study of dielectric wall accelerator structures

Two types of dielectric wall accelerator (DWA) structures, a bi-polar Blumlein line and zero integral pulse line (ZIP) structures were investigated. The high gradient insulator simulated by the particle in cell code con rms that it has little in uence on the axial electric field. The results of simulations using CST microwave studio indicate how the axial electric field is formed, and the electric eld waveforms agree with the theoretical one very well. The in uence of layer-to-layer coupling in a ZIP structure is much smaller and the electric eld waveform is much better. The axial of the Blumlein structure's electric field has better axial stability. From both of the above, it found that for a shorter pulse width, the axial electric field is much higher and the pulse stability and delity are much better. The CST simulation is very helpful for designing DWA structures.     

高能电子成像暗场成像技术特性研究及改进方案

基于EGS5与PARMELA模拟软件组成的高能电子成像系统,对暗场成像的模拟研究发现,通过调节光阑位置实现的暗场成像结果存在失真现象。针对该失真现象提出的改进方案,消除了暗场成像结果的失真。通过对40 MeV电子透射7~224 μm的铝样品开展的成像模拟结果表明:40 MeV高能电子暗场成像技术在铝样品厚度小于25 μm情况下具有明显的面密度分辨优势,且空间分辨率达到μm量级,非常适用于高能量密度物质诊断。     

Areal density and spatial resolution of high energy electron radiography

Ultrafast imaging tools are of great importance for determining the dynamic density distribution in high energy density(HED) matter. In this work, we designed a high energy electron radiography(HEER) system based on a linear electron accelerator to evaluate its capability for imaging HED matter. 40 MeV electron beams were used to image an aluminum target to study the density resolution and spatial resolution of HEER. The results demonstrate a spatial resolution of tens of micrometers. The interaction of the beams with the target and the beam transport of the transmitted electrons are further simulated with EGS5 and PARMELA codes, with the results showing good agreement with the experimental resolution.Furthermore, the experiment can be improved by adding an aperture at the Fourier plane.     

Experimental investigation of a pulse line ion accelerator in Lanzhou

In order to put the Pulse Line Ion Accelerator (PLIA) concept to its practical application, a small experimental platform was built. It was found that the actual axial electric field is smaller than the theoretical calculation, so the accelerated ions will enter into the deceleration zone before leaving the helix, which will seriously affect the acceleration process. Based on the improved parameters, the He⁺ with 24 keV is accelerated to 55 keV, and the proof-of-principle experiment is completed on this platform.     

低能强流电子加速器的研制

中国科学院近代物理研究所在现有DG系列电子加速器技术的基础上,通过改进加速结构,研制了一台低能强流电子加速器,其设计指标为500 keV/150 mA。该加速器采用高压发生器倒置的结构,并增加了中磁圆盘,提高了电能转换效率。采用了较短的加速管结构,有利于强流电子束的传输,同时使加速器整体更为紧凑。加速器束流调试结果为500 kV/170 mA,完全优于设计指标。