甘氨酸燃烧法合成纳米ZnO-MgO及其紫外光发射

利用甘氨酸燃烧法制备了ZnOMgO纳米复合材料,并在不同温度进行热处理.通过X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜和傅里叶变换红外吸收谱,对其升温过程中的结构变化进行了表征,研究了热处理温度对样品室温光致发光行为的影响.结果表明,复合材料的发光性能与纯ZnO相比有很大改善,经900℃热处理的纳米复合材料,其发射谱由一个强紫外发射带(峰值385nm)构成;当热处理温度低于900℃时,发光强度随热处理温度的升高而增强,进一步将热处理温度升至1000℃时发光强度又明显降低.发光强度主要受ZnO、MgO纳米晶的粒子尺寸、结晶完善程度,尤其是受两相纳米粒子之间相互作用的影响.同时发现选择合适的甘氨酸与硝酸根离子的摩尔比,对改善样品紫外发光特性也很重要.     

硫化亚铜对电极在量子点敏化太阳电池中的应用

报道了一种基于硫族金属复合物N₄H₉Cu₇S₄前驱体溶液制备硫化亚铜对电极的新方法. 分别制备了TiO₂纳米颗粒多孔薄膜和TiO₂纳米棒阵列结构的光阳极, 并在此基础上研究了基于硫化亚铜对电极的CdS/CdSe量子点敏化太阳电池的光电性能, 同时结合电化学阻抗技术考察了硫化亚铜对电极的催化性能. 结果表明: 与铂电极相比, 本方法制备的硫化亚铜电极对多硫电解质具有更高的催化活性, 所组装的CdS/CdSe量子点敏化太阳电池具有更优的光伏性能.     

铜铁矿基p-TCO材料的制备与物性研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法和高温固相反应法进行了铜铁矿结构单相CuBO2(B=Al,Cr,La)多晶陶瓷的制备,并采用脉冲激光沉积法(Pulsed laser deposition,PLD)制备了CuCrO2薄膜。结果表明:溶胶-凝胶法可以成功制备高纯CuAlO2和CuCrO2多晶材料。该方法还可以显著降低烧结温度且使烧结时间显著缩短;所制备的名义组分CuAlO2和CuCrO2样品均呈p型半导体导电行为,CuBO2的电导率随着B位离子半径的增大而明显减小;PLD法制备的CuCrO2薄膜呈高度c轴取向,厚度～200nm的薄膜在可见光区的平均透射率～80%。     

Preparation of broadband antireflective coating by sol-gel method

A sol-gel method for the preparation of silica coating that varied in refractive index is developed. Silicon dioxide sol is obtained by hydrolysis and co-condensation reactions occurred in acid-catalyzed system. Surface morphology, refractive index, and transmission spectrum of the samples are studied. The results of transmission spectra of single-sided coatings show that the average transmittance of the samples increases about 4% compared with the uncoated one in the spectra range from 400 to 1 200 nm in the case of vertical incidence. For the double-sided coating the maximum transmittance is 99% at the wavelength of 840 nm.     

Study of aluminum coating prepared by PVD used as anti-corrosion in liquid lead-bismuth

Liquid metals-such as lead （Pb） or lead-bismuth （PbBi） are used as reactor core coolants for accelerator driven systems （ADS） proposed for high-level radioactive waste transmutation. Compatibility of steels with liquid PbBi is a key problem because steels are attacked by dissolution of the components in PbBi, so it has to form a stable coating on steel surface. There are many methods to prepare anti-corrosion coatings on steel, such as hot dipping, pack cementation, plasma spaying, and physical vapor deposition （PVD）. Compared with other methods, the PVD method is easy to control the thickness of the coating and the obtained coatings are dense which is crucial to the anti-corrosion ability of the coatings. In this letter, PVD aluminum coatings are developed on the surface of T91 steel and different heat-treatment atmosphere is used to adjust the microstructure, aluminum content, and the phase of the coatings. It is found that the coatings have good adherence ability with steel. The aluminum content and the phase of the coating can be adjusted by the heat-treatment atmosphere. Corrosion tests are performed in oxygen-saturated liquid PbBi at 550 ℃ for 1 000 h, the phase and composition of the coating do not change drastically. All the results indicate that the PVD is a useful method to prepare coatings on the surface of steel used in liquid PbBi.     

单晶二氧化钛纳米棒阵列的修饰及其在量子点敏化太阳电池中的应用(英文)

使用TiCl4溶液对单晶TiO2纳米棒阵列(TNRs)进行修饰,通过在TiO2纳米棒表面合成TiO2纳米颗粒来提高TNRs的表面积,提高TNRs对量子点的吸附能力,并在此基础上研究了TiCl4修饰时间对基于单晶TNRs的CdS/CdSe量子点敏化太阳电池光伏性能的影响,同时结合强度调制光电流谱(IMPS)研究了TiO2纳米棒阵列的电子传输性能.结果表明:TiCl4修饰可以大幅提高基于单晶TNRs的CdS/CdSe量子点敏化太阳电池的光伏性能,在TiCl4修饰时间为60 h时,其短路电流密度和光电转换效率分别由修饰前的(2.93±0.07)mA·cm-2和0.36%±0.02%提高至(8.19±0.12)mA·cm-2和1.17%±0.07%.同时,IMPS测试表明电子在单晶TiO2纳米棒阵列中的传输速率高于在TiO2纳米颗粒薄膜中的传输速率,证明了单晶TiO2纳米棒阵列在电子传输方面的优越性.     

溶胶凝胶法制备铜铁矿结构p型透明导电氧化物薄膜

铜铁矿结构p型透明导电氧化物(transparent conducting oxide, TCO)薄膜是一类在电子学领域具有广泛应用前景的新材料,因其可与n-TCO薄膜形成真正意义上的“透明器件”而备受关注。本文介绍了铜铁矿结构p-TCO的结构特性以及溶胶凝胶法的基本原理和特点;系统地介绍了溶胶凝胶法制备铜铁矿结构p-TCO薄膜的工艺;分析比较了有机醇盐、无机盐溶胶体系的优缺点;最后讨论了进一步的发展方向,指出溶胶凝胶法是一种高效可行的制备p-TCO薄膜的方法。