一种反后坐装置温度自动测量技术及其控制方法研究

温度是反映装甲车辆火炮反后坐装置性能的重要参量,而目前反后坐装置温度等关键参数主要依靠人工测量获取,仍没有运用于实装的自动化检测装置;为提高火炮维修保养自动化水平,使成员方便快捷地掌握反后坐装置的工作状况,提出了一种基于单片机的反后坐装置温度自动测量记录技术;通过详细给出温度自动测量技术的主体思路,温度信号的采集处理流程,单片机的设计方法,提出一种反后坐装置温度自动测量技术控制方法,并据此设计开发了火炮反后坐装置温度自动测量记录装置;实验证明,该自动测试技术和方法可实现反后坐装置温度的自动、快速测量,且具备过温报警功能,对反后坐装置的使用保养具有重要应用价值。     

磷酸三丁酯萃淋树脂色层分离电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定富稀土样中微量铀和钍

研究了磷酸三丁酯萃淋树脂色层分离,电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定富稀土样中微量铀、钍的方法。样品经消解后,以磷酸三丁酯萃淋树脂为固定相、8 mol/L硝酸为流动相过柱分离,样品中的大部分稀土元素随流动相流出,而铀和钍则被固定相吸附,用去离子水洗脱后,再用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪测定。铀、钍的检出限分别为0.06,0.16μg/L,测定结果的相对标准偏差均小于10%(n=5),加标回收率为98%~105%。对稀土矿石标准物质进行测定,测定值与推荐值相符。该法操作简便,测定结果可靠,适于富稀土样中微量铀、钍的测定。     

阴离子交换分离-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定钛铁矿中的铀、钍

称取过0.074mm筛孔样筛的钛铁矿样品0.10～0.50g置于预先铺垫了粉状焦硫酸钾2g的瓷坩埚中,再加入焦硫酸钾3g,混匀,加盖,置于马弗炉中,温度升至350℃时,摇动坩埚使样品与熔剂均匀接触,继续升温至600℃,熔融1h,除去坩埚盖,继续保持30min。取出坩埚,稍冷却后,加水将熔块溶解并定容至100.0mL。按规定方法对D201型阴离子交换树脂进行预处理后装入交换柱中。经试验,在硫酸浓度为0.01mol·L~(-1),K_2SO_4浓度为0.5mol·L~(-1)的硫酸盐溶液中,铀及钍的硫酸盐阴离子在交换树脂上的交换吸附率均超过98%。据此,在交换柱的储液杯中加入上述硫酸盐溶液20mL后,定量加入样品溶液5.0mL,使溶液逐滴通过交换柱。当溶液滴尽时,用0.01mol·L-1硫酸溶液淋洗树脂2次(每次用5 mL),随即用0.5 mol·L~(-1)盐酸溶液14mL及水6mL洗脱吸附于树脂上的铀和钍。收集淋洗液并加水定容至50.0mL,此溶液在仪器工作条件下进行电感耦合等离子体质谱分析,并利用三通活塞在线加入10μg·L~(-1)的铑标准溶液作为内标,在标准模式下选择原子丰度较高的同位素238 U、232 Th、103 Rh进行测定。铀、钍的标准曲线的线性范围均在100μg·L-1以内,检出限(3s)依次为0.029,0.036μg·L~(-1)。对两种元素的测定进行精密度试验,测得相对标准偏差(n=5)值均小于10%。应用本方法测定了4件国家一级标准物质的铀、钍的含量,测定值与认定值基本相符。     

高光谱成像的黄瓜病虫害识别和特征波长提取方法

黄瓜霜霉病和斑潜蝇是制约黄瓜产业发展的严重病虫害。为实现黄瓜病虫害快速在线识别,采用高光谱成像和机器学习研究快速识别黄瓜霜霉病和斑潜蝇虫害的方法,为开发实用的基于多光谱成像的黄瓜病虫害快速识别设备奠定基础。使用高光谱成像系统采集黄瓜无症状叶片、霜霉病叶片、斑潜蝇虫害叶片的高光谱图像,在病斑区域选择若干个感兴趣区域(ROI),计算每个ROI的平均反射率数据作为叶片原始光谱数据。使用Kennard-Stone算法将光谱数据按照3∶1的比例划分为训练集和测试集。使用直接正交信号校正(DOSC)、多元散射校正(MSC)、移动窗口平均平滑(MA)3种方法对原始光谱数据进行预处理。采用空间迭代收缩法(VISSA)、竞争性自适应重加权算法(CARS)、迭代保留信息变量法(IRIV)、随机蛙跳算法(SFLA)对MA预处理后的光谱数据进行特征波长提取,分别提取出53、 20、 26、 10个特征波长。然后使用连续投影算法(SPA)分别对特征波长光谱数据进行二次降维,最终VISSA-SPA提取的特征波长为455、 536、 615和726 nm; CARS-SPA提取的特征波长为452、 501、 548...     

ASE-GC-MS法同时测定农用地土壤中的多环芳烃、多氯联苯和有机氯农药

建立同时检测农用地土壤中15种多环芳烃、7种多氯联苯和8种有机氯农药的方法,对样品前处理流程及仪器工作参数进行优化。样品经正己烷–二氯甲烷(1∶1)加速溶剂萃取,以硅酸镁小柱净化,二氯甲烷–正己烷(1∶4)洗脱,用气相色谱–质谱法同时测定。各目标化合物在质量浓度在5.0～500μg/L范围内相对响应因子的相对标准偏差均小于9.3%;平均加标回收率为60.3%～105.6%,相对标准偏差为1.7%～12.8%(n=6),方法检出限为0.12～0.40μg/kg。该方法快速、稳健,净化效果好,能满足农用地土壤中30种持久性有机污染物的检测要求。     

X射线荧光光谱(XRF)法测定土壤污染样品中9种重金属元素

采用粉末压片法制样,利用理学ZSX PrimusⅡX射线荧光光谱仪,用国家标准物质土壤(GSS系列)、沉积物(GSD系列)、环境保护部标准样品研究所研制的土壤标准样品GSB Z 50011-88(黑钙土)、GSB Z 50012-88(棕壤)、GSB Z 50013-88(红壤)、GSB Z 50014-88(褐土)、湖南污染土壤标准(GBW0732729)作标准样品,建立了X射线荧光光谱(XRF)法测定农业地质土壤污染物样品中的Cu、Pb、Cr、Ni、Zn、Co、As、Mn、V等9种重金属元素的方法,采用经验系数法校正谱线重叠干扰和基体校正。用3个土壤考核样品和环境保护部标准样品研究所研制的GSB07-3272-2015作为样品评估方法的准确度和精密度,结果符合《全国土壤污染状况详查土壤样品分析测试方法技术规定》中规定的Cu、Pb、Cr、Ni、Zn、Co、As、Mn、V元素检测方法质量要求。     

三氯化六氨合钴浸提–分光光度法测定土壤中阳离子交换量

采用三氯化六氨合钴震荡提取,分光光度计测定土壤阳离子交换量.考虑pH对实验结果的影响,加入浸提液前所有土壤样品加固体NaOH改变土壤pH为碱性后,再进行分析;当样品阳离子交换量结果过高时采用减少称样量作为高含量样品的测定手段.实验结果表明,优化后方法检出限为8 mmol/kg;用该方法测定不同阳离子含量的土壤标准样品,...     

Ultrasound-mediated transdermal drug delivery of fluorescent nanoparticles and hyaluronic acid into porcine skin in vitro

Transdermal drug delivery(TDD) can effectively bypass the first-pass effect. In this paper, ultrasound-facilitated TDD on fresh porcine skin was studied under various acoustic parameters, including frequency, amplitude, and exposure time. The delivery of yellow–green fluorescent nanoparticles and high molecular weight hyaluronic acid(HA) in the skin samples was observed by laser confocal microscopy and ultraviolet spectrometry, respectively. The results showed that,with the application of ultrasound exposures, the permeability of the skin to these markers(e.g., their penetration depth and concentration) could be raised above its passive diffusion permeability. Moreover, ultrasound-facilitated TDD was also tested with/without the presence of ultrasound contrast agents(UCAs). When the ultrasound was applied without UCAs,low ultrasound frequency will give a better drug delivery effect than high frequency, but the penetration depth was less likely to exceed 200 μm. However, with the help of the ultrasound-induced microbubble cavitation effect, both the penetration depth and concentration in the skin were significantly enhanced even more. The best ultrasound-facilitated TDD could be achieved with a drug penetration depth of over 600 μm, and the penetration concentrations of fluorescent nanoparticles and HA increased up to about 4–5 folds. In order to get better understanding of ultrasound-facilitated TDD, scanning electron microscopy was used to examine the surface morphology of skin samples, which showed that the skin structure changed greatly under the treatment of ultrasound and UCA. The present work suggests that, for TDD applications(e.g., nanoparticle drug carriers, transdermal patches and cosmetics), protocols and methods presented in this paper are potentially useful.     

X射线荧光光谱法测定土壤污染样品中9种重金属

采用粉末压片法制样,利用理学ZSX PrimusⅡX射线荧光光谱仪,用国家标准物质土壤(GSS系列)、沉积物(GSD系列)、环境保护部标准样品研究所研制的土壤标准样品GSB Z 50011-88(黑钙土)、GSB Z 50012-88(棕壤)、GSB Z 50013-88(红壤)、GSB Z 50014-88(褐土)、湖南污染土壤标准(GBW0732729)做标准样品,建立XRF方法测定农业地质土壤污染物样品中的Cu、Pb、Cr、Ni、Zn、Co、As、Mn、V这9种重金属元素的方法,采用经验系数法校正谱线重叠干扰和基体校正。用3个土壤考核样和环境保护部标准样品研究所研制的GSB07-3272-2015作为样品评估该方法的准确度和精密度,结果符合《全国土壤污染状况详查土壤样品分析测试方法技术规定》中上述元素的规定检测方法质量要求。     

Impact of cavitation on lesion formation induced by high intensity focused ultrasound

High intensity focused ultrasound(HIFU) has shown a great promise in noninvasive cancer therapy. The impact of acoustic cavitation on the lesion formation induced by HIFU is investigated both experimentally and theoretically in transparent protein-containing gel and ex vivo liver tissue samples. A numerical model that accounts for nonlinear acoustic propagation and heat transfer is used to simulate the lesion formation induced by the thermal effect. The results showed that lesions could be induced in the samples exposed to HIFU with various acoustic pressures and pulse lengths. The measured areas of lesions formed in the lateral direction were comparable to the simulated results, while much larger discrepancy was observed between the experimental and simulated data for the areas of longitudinal lesion cross-section. Meanwhile,a series of stripe-wiped-off B-mode pictures were obtained by using a special imaging processing method so that HIFUinduced cavitation bubble activities could be monitored in real-time and quantitatively analyzed as the functions of acoustic pressure and pulse length. The results indicated that, unlike the lateral area of HIFU-induced lesion that was less affected by the cavitation activity, the longitudinal cross-section of HIFU-induced lesion was significantly influenced by the generation of cavitation bubbles through the temperature elevation resulting from HIFU exposures. Therefore, considering the clinical safety in HIFU treatments, more attention should be paid on the lesion formation in the longitudinal direction to avoid uncontrollable variation resulting from HIFU-induced cavitation activity.