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The oxymercuration—demercuration (OM—DM) of representative trimethylsilylalkenes in aqueous tetrahydrofuran was investigated. Vinyltrimethylsilane gives only the anti-Markovnikov alcohol, 2-trimethylsilylethanol in 90% yield. Allyltrimethylsilane gives mainly allylmercuric acetate which reacts further to give a 1,3-dimercurated-2-propanol. This species reacts slowly with allyltrimethylsilane to give allylmercuric acetate. 3-Buten-1-yltrimethylsilane gives only the Markovnikov product, 1-trimethylsilyl-3-butanol in 99% yield. cis-1-Propenyl-trimethylsilane gives 1-trimethylsilyl-2-propanol in 44% yield along with cleavage products. The formation of one of these products, 2-propanol, was found by PMR to arise from the OM—DM of cis-1-propenylmercuric acetate which gives the 1,1-dimercurated-2-propanol. While the oxymercuration of cis-1-propenyl-mercuric acetate is regiospecific giving exclusive placement of the mercury α to the silicon, it is completely nonstereospecific giving equal amounts of diastereomeric adducts. The OM—DM of 2-propenyl trimethylsilane (XIX) leads only to desilylation and oxidation products. Possible reasons for the diverse behavior of these silylated alkenes are discussed. 相似文献
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An experimental study of the thermal decomposition of a β‐hydroxy alkene, 3‐methyl‐3‐buten‐1‐ol, in m‐xylene solution, has been carried out at five different temperatures in the range of 513.15–563.15 K. The temperature dependence of the rate constants for the decomposition of this compound in the corresponding Arrhenius equation is given by ln k (s?1) = (25.65 ± 1.52) ? (17,944 ± 814) (kJ·mol?1)·T?1. A computational study has been carried out at the M05–2X/6–31+G(d,p) level of theory to calculate the rate constants and the activation parameters by the classical transition state theory. There is a good agreement between the experimental and calculated rate constants and activation Gibbs energies. The bonding characteristics of reactant, transition state, and products have been investigated by the natural bond orbital analysis, which provides the natural atomic charges and the Wiberg bond indices. Based on the results obtained, the mechanism proposed is a one‐step process proceeding through a six‐membered cyclic transition state, being a concerted and slightly asynchronous process. The results have been compared with those obtained previously by us (Struct Chem 2013, 24, 1811–1816) for the thermal decomposition of 3‐buten‐1‐ol, in m‐xylene solution. We can conclude that in the compound studied in this work, 3‐methyl‐3‐buten‐1‐ol, the effect of substitution at position 3 by a weakly activating CH3 group is the stabilization of the transition state formed in the reaction and therefore a small increase in the rate of thermal decomposition. 相似文献
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Abstract Due to the wide use of polymers in medicine, researchers are required to solve a very important problem–to understand the interaction between materials of nonphysiological origin and the surrounding biological liquids, and tissues, particularly blood. 相似文献
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Canales E Prasad KG Soderquist JA 《Journal of the American Chemical Society》2005,127(33):11572-11573
The simple and efficient syntheses of B-allyl-10-(phenyl)-9-borabicyclo[3.3.2]decane (1) in both enantiomeric forms are reported. The remarkable enantioselectivity (81-99% ee) of these reagents in the allylboration process at -78 degrees C is only modestly diminished when the process is conducted at 0 degrees C, a phenomenon attributable to its rigid bicyclic structure. In addition to providing the homoallylic alcohols 6 efficiently (70-92%), the procedure also permits the efficient recovery of the chiral boron moiety (67-82%) as an air-stable crystalline N-methylpseudoephedrine complex 4 for the direct regeneration of 1 with allylmagnesium bromide in ether (98%). The reagent gives predictable stereochemistry, providing a strategically designed "chiral pocket" which is particularly receptive to leading methyl groups (e.g., methyl ethyl ketone, 87% ee). 相似文献
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Simple and efficient Grignard procedures are reported for the syntheses of B-allenyl-10-(phenyl)-9-borabicyclo[3.3.2]decane (1) and its B-(gamma-trimethylsilylpropargyl) counterpart (2) in both enantiomeric forms. Both add selectively to ketones, providing propargyl- and alpha-silylallenyl 3-degree-carbinols, respectively (i.e., 6 (61-93% ee) and 9 (64-98% ee)). The air-stable boron byproduct is efficiently recovered and recycled back to either 1 or 2. The ozonolysis and bromination of 9 provide nonracemic alpha-hydroxy acids and gamma-bromopropynyl carbinols, respectively. 相似文献
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Z.M. Babar Wan Mohd Azizi Solachuddin JA Ichwan Qamar Uddin Ahmed Abul Kalam Azad Imranul Mawa 《Natural product research》2019,33(15):2266-2270
The current study provides a way of extraction for both active NSO and WSE from Nigella sativa seeds using 98% methanol. About 1?kg of ground seeds was macerated by 1:2.5 w/v (g/mL) for 72?hours. After rotary evaporation and 7 days of continuous drying and chilling at 50 and 4?°C, NSO and WSE were obtained at the same instant. Solubility tests of 24 solvents and 11 thin layer chromatographic analyses while 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging assay of NSO (73.66) , WSE (33.32) and NSO?+?WSE (78.22) against ascorbic acid (IC50?=?4.28?mg/mL) was performed. WSE was found to be highly soluble in water and 5% NaOH exhibiting the same Rf value of 0.95 for EtOH:DMSO (9:1) against the honey. WSE has revealed more than twofold higher anti-oxidant activity than others. Formulation of WSE with Tualang honey may provide better targeted hydrophilic drug delivery systems. 相似文献