Synthesis and refractive‐index control of fluoropolymers by the polyaddition of bis(epoxide)s and triazine di(aryl ether)s

The polyaddition of fluorine‐containing bis(epoxide)s and fluorine‐containing triazine di(aryl ether)s were examined to give the corresponding fluorine‐containing poly(cyanurate)s. It was observed that the synthesized fluoropolymers had good thermal stabilities and good film‐forming properties. The glass transition temperatures (T_g's) and refractive‐indices (n_D's) of synthesized polymers were determined by differential scanning calorimetry and ellipsometry, respectively, and it was found that the values of T_g's and n_D's were supported by their fluorine containing ratios and skeletons. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 4421–4429, 2007     

Infrared Features of Unquenched Lattice Landau Gauge QCD

The running coupling and the Kugo-Ojima parameter of unquenched lattice Landau gauge are simulated and compared with the continuum theory. Although the running coupling measured by the ghost and gluon dressing function is infrared suppressed, the running coupling has a maximum of α₀ ∼ 2 − 2.5 at around q = 0.5 GeV irrespective of the fermion actions (Wilson fermions and Kogut-Susskind (KS) fermions). The Kugo-Ojima parameter c which saturated to about 0.8 in quenched simulations becomes consistent with 1 in the MILC configurations produced with the use of the Asqtad action, after averaging the dependence on polarization directions caused by the asymmetry of the lattice. The presence of the correction factor 1 + c ₁/q ² in the running coupling depends on the lattice size and the sea quark mass. In the large lattice size and small sea quark mass, c ₁ is confirmed of the order of a few GeV. The MILC configuration of a = 0.09 fm suggests also the presence of dimension-4 condensates with a sign opposite to the dimension-2 condensates. The gluon propagator, the ghost propagator, and the running coupling are compared with recent pQCD results including an anomalous dimension of fields up to the four-loop level.     

Introduction of several trifluoromethyl groups onto the activated aromatic materials with CF3TMS-CuI-KF system

Trifluoromethylation onto the tetrafluorophthalonitrile and tetrafluoroisophthalonitrile has been carried out using CF₃TMS-CuI-KF system, and it was demonstrated that these trifluoromethylation enabled us to successfully construct di- and/or tri-trifluoromethylated benzonitriles via the decyanotrifluoromethylation.     

Action learning versus strategy learning

This article seeks to ascertain whether the strategy‐learning model of Hanaki, Sethi, Erev, and Peterhansl (2003) better accounts for observed behavior than do the various action‐learning models. It does so by measuring the goodness‐of‐fit of the models' predictions against published experimental results for such games as Coordination, Prisoner's Dilemma, and Chicken. The fit is measured via the mean squared deviation (MSD) between the observed behavior and the one predicted by the model. The results show that, for Chicken, the strategy‐learning model fits the observed data much better than do the action‐learning models. The best action‐learning model, on the other hand, fits the observed data well in Coordination. Overall, the strength of the strategy‐learning model is best shown in games where alternations between the two stage‐game Nash equilibria are often observed in the laboratory experiments. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity 9: 41–50, 2004     

Photoluminescence properties of trace amounts of Pr and Tb in yttria-stabilized zirconia

We have investigated the photoluminescence (PL) properties of trace amounts of Pr and Tb in single-crystal samples of yttria-stabilized zironia (YSZ), and found that Pr of the order of 10⁻⁶ mass% and Tb of the order of 10⁻⁵ mass% in YSZ can be detected by the PL spectroscopy. The PL spectra of the YSZ samples for the 280 nm excitation were comprised of several peaks and a broad emission. The peaks were attributed to transitions of Pr³⁺ and Tb³⁺ in the YSZ samples, whereas the broad emission seemed to be attributed to the yttria-associated oxygen vacancies. The peak intensities corresponded to the amounts of Pr and Tb in the YSZ samples, the amounts of which were analyzed by glow discharge mass spectrometry. In the PL excitation spectra, but not in the photoabsorption spectra, small peaks at 376 and 381 nm were observed, and were attributed to the transitions of Tb³⁺ in the YSZ samples. The results of the PL excitation spectra corresponding to the Pr³⁺ line emissions suggest that the charge transfer occurs between the YSZ and Pr ion in it. The trace amounts of these lanthanoids in YSZ would disturb the decay process of the photoinduced electrons to the yttria-associated oxygen vacancies.     

Endoscopic Observation of Tissue by Narrowband Illumination

We propose a new illumination method for a medical endoscope: narrow band imaging (NBI), in which the spectral bandwidth of the filtered light is narrowed. To confirm how the spectral specifications of the filtered light influence a reproduced image, an experiment was conducted observing the endoscopic images of the back mucosa of a human tongue. In addition, the effect of NBI on endoscopic images was investigated through preliminary clinical tests in colonoscopy and upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. It has been shown that NBI can enhance the capillary pattern and the crypt pattern on the mucosa. These patterns are useful features for diagnosing an early cancer.     

SILEX-1装置上等离子体尾场加速电子初步实验

激光等离子体加速电子机制可以产生准单能的高能电子束, 近年来成为国际上的研究热点. 中国工程物理研究院激光装置已经能够达到286TW的输出功率, 为国内在该领域的研究提供了实验条件. 文章介绍了在SILEX-1装置上开展的激光等离子体加速电子的初步实验, 并对测得结果进行讨论, 为下一步实验的进行提供了准备条件.     

Strained layer quantum well semiconductor optical amplifiers: Polarization insensitive amplification

Polarization insensitive optical amplification was demonstrated in newly developed semiconductor optical amplifiers that have strained GalnAsP quantum well structures. We tailored the active region of the quaternary strained layer quantum well structure with a small biaxially tensile strain of 0.2% in the well layers for polarization insensitive operation.     

Structure and enantioselective synthesis of polyamine toxin MG30 from the venom of the spider Macrothele gigas

A novel polyamine toxin, named MG30, was isolated from the venom of the spider, Macrothele gigas, and its structure was elucidated by two-dimensional NMR and mass analysis. In addition, the enantioselective synthesis of MG30 was achieved to assign its absolute stereochemistry.